Ureaplasma canigenitalium sp. nov., Isolated from Dogs

Harasawa, Ryô; Imada, Yumiko; Kotani, Hitoshi; Koshimizu, Kaoru; Barile, Michael F.

doi:10.1099/00207713-43-4-640

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…occur with any frequency in male dogs. Moreover, a direct relationship between these pathogens and clinical signs has not been fully documented and remains controversial (8,11,21). Our results clearly showed that cBD possesses broad antibacterial effects against the sexually transmitted disease pathogens used in the present study.…”

Section: Vol 73 2005supporting

confidence: 69%

“…It has been suggested that eukaryotic cells are more resistant to the poreforming effects of defensins due to the presence of cholesterol in the cellular membrane (56). The lack of cBD killing effect may explain why Ureaplasma is commonly isolated from the canine genital tract, where it is present as normal microflora (21).…”

Section: Vol 73 2005mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ureaplasma spp. are among the few bacteria that possess a higher concentration of cholesterol within their cell membranes, protecting them from the antibacterial activity of defensins (21,37). It has been suggested that eukaryotic cells are more resistant to the poreforming effects of defensins due to the presence of cholesterol in the cellular membrane (56).…”

Section: Vol 73 2005mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Three β-Defensins from Canine Testes

Sang¹,

Ortega

Blecha³

et al. 2005

Infect Immun

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Mammalian ␤-defensins are small cationic peptides possessing broad antimicrobial and physiological activities. Because dogs are particularly resilient to sexually transmitted diseases, it has been proposed that their antimicrobial peptide repertoire might provide insight into novel antimicrobial therapeutics and treatment regimens. To investigate this proposal, we cloned the full-length cDNA of three canine ␤-defensin isoforms (cBD-1, -2, and -3) from canine testicular tissues. Their predicted peptides share identical N-terminal 65-amino-acid residues, including the ␤-defensin consensus six-cysteine motif. The two longer isoforms, cBD-2 and -3, possess 4 and 34 additional amino acids, respectively, at the C terminus. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of cBD, a 34-amino-acid peptide derived from the shared mature peptide region was synthesized. Canine ␤-defensin displayed broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus; MICs of 6 and 100 g/ml, respectively), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae; MICs of 20 to 50, 20, and 50 g/ml, respectively), and yeast (Candida albicans; MIC of 5 to 50 g/ml) and lower activity against Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. canigenitalium (MIC of 200 g/ml). Antimicrobial potency was significantly reduced at salt concentrations higher than 140 mM. All three canine ␤-defensins were highly expressed in testis. In situ hybridization indicated that cBD-1 was expressed primarily in Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules. In contrast, cBD-2 was located primarily within Leydig cells. The longest isoform, cBD-3, was detected in Sertoli cells and to a lesser extent in the interstitium. The tissue-specific expression and broad antimicrobial activity suggest that canine ␤-defensins play an important role in host defense and other physiological functions of the male reproductive system. The mucosal physical barrier is an important component protecting luminal surfaces from bacteria. Discovery of epithelium-derived antimicrobial peptides with activity at mucosal surfaces extends luminal protection from the traditional barrier effect to innate immune capabilities. These endogenous peptides are natural antibiotics that are widely distributed in nature and represent an important mechanism of innate defenses against microbial infection (1, 5). Among these naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides, defensins form a unique family of cysteine-rich, small cationic peptides (17).The defensin family is large and has been documented in mammals, plants, insects, and mollusks (6,27,29,39,47). In mammals, defensins are subdivided into ␣-, ␤-, and -defensins based on the organization of conserved six-cysteine motifs (43,50). With the exception of bovine neutrophils, ␤-defensins are synthesized primarily in epithelial tissues (18,27). Because epithelia of the male reproductive tract are essentially isolated from adaptive immune capabilities and because the luminal contents of the testis and...

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Section: Vol 73 2005supporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Vol 73 2005mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vol 73 2005mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Three β-Defensins from Canine Testes

Sang¹,

Ortega

Blecha³

et al. 2005

Infect Immun

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“…U. felinum FT2-BT, U. cati F2T, and U. canigenitalium D6P-CT were all obtained from our laboratory stock cultures (5,6). All of the strains were grown aerobically in liquid medium at 37°C as described previously…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Genes Coding for 16S rRNA in Mammalian Ureaplasmas

Harasawa

Cassell

1996

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Phylogenetic relationships among species of the genus Ureaplasma were elucidated by analyzing 16s rRNA sequence information. The 16s rRNA genes of six strains of the mammalian Ureaplasma species were amplified by PCR and were sequenced directly by a primer walking method. The phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide sequence of the 16s rRNA genes corresponded to the evolutionary history of the host animal species.The genus Ureaplasma in the family Mycoplasmataceae is composed of organisms that hydrolyze urea. The following six species have been recognized in the genus Ureaplasma: Ureaplasma urealyticum, isolated from humans; Ureaplasma diversum, isolated from bovines; Ureaplasma gallorale, isolated from birds; Ureaplasma felinum and Ureaplasma cati, isolated from cats; and UreapZasma canigenitalium, isolated from dogs. The accumulated data suggest that the human species U. urealyticum consists of two different clusters, the T960 and parvo biovars, which can be distinguished on the basis of the results of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell proteins (12,20), DNA-DNA homology data (1), restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns (13), restriction fragment length polymorphism data (4), manganese susceptibility data (14), and DNA modification system data (2). The genome sizes of U. urealyticum strains have been estimated to be 760 to 1,170 kbp by pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (9). Two loci for rRNA operons have been determined on the genome of U. urealyticum (3). In the present study, we sequenced and compared the 16s ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) of the mammalian Ureaplasma species, including the two biovars of U. urealyticum, because phylogenetic analysis of the mycoplasmas has been greatly improved by analyzing 16s rRNA sequences (21).U. diversum A417T (T = type strain) was obtained from C. J.Howard and R. N. Gourlay, Institute for Research on Animal Diseases, Compton, England (8). U. felinum FT2-BT, U. cati F2T, and U. canigenitalium D6P-CT were all obtained from our laboratory stock cultures (5, 6). All of the strains were grown aerobically in liquid medium at 37°C as described previouslyThe almost complete 16s rDNA sequences of U. diversum, U. felinum, U. cati, and U. canigenitalium were amplified by PCR by using universal primers F16S (5'-GAGTTTGATCCT GGCTCAGG-3') and R16S (5'-GGGATACCTTGTTAC GACTI'-3'). Both strands of the PCR products were sequenced by the dideoxy termination method (18) by primer walking without molecular cloning.The nucleotide sequences of the 16s rDNAs of the Ureaplasma species were aligned by the method of Higgins et al. (7), using the DNASIS software package (Hitachi Software Engineering Co., Yokohama, Japan). A phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method (17).The nucleotide sequences of the 16s rDNAs of strains T960T and 27 of the two biovars of U. urealyticum (19) were obtained from nucleotide sequence databases. The nucleotide sequence of U. gallorale was not included in this study since the U. gallorale 16s rRNA gene was not amplified by the PCR primers used,...

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“…Since mycoplasmas can be found in the urogenital tract of healthy dogs, it can be difficult to determine whether they are the causal agent in dogs with genitourinary tract infections (Harasawa et al . ). Two case series reported isolating Mycoplasma species from 1·4 to 5·7% of dogs with urinary tract infections (Jang et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A novel quantitative polymerase chain reaction to monitor urinary tract mycoplasma infection in a dog

Hemmatzadeh

Niap

Bennett

et al. 2019

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The aim of the study was to develop a quantitative real‐time PCR assay for diagnosis and monitoring of mycoplasma urinary tract infections (UTI) in a dog. An English Cocker Spaniel dog with the history of urinary tract infection was physically examined and laboratory findings identified chronic renal insufficiency and urinary tract infection. Attempts to culture organisms from pyuric urine failed, and empirical antibiotic therapy did not resolve the pyuria. A mycoplasma species most closely resembling Ureaplasma canigenitalium was identified in urine samples by conventional PCR and sequencing. A quantitative PCR method was developed to monitor and finally verify successful treatment. This novel approach to monitoring mycoplasma urinary tract infections is conceptually simple, and provides rapid results. It may have wider application in monitoring treatment efficacy for infections with other Mycoplasma spp. as well as additional organisms that are difficult to culture. Significance and Impact of the StudyIn this study, we highlight two different findings, detection of Ureaplasma canigenitalium in a dog with chronic urinary tract infection and development of a quantitative real‐time PCR test to track treatment results in an infected dog. This report is the first report of detection of U. canigenitalium in one dog in Australia. This novel qPCR method for monitoring mycoplasma urinary tract infections is conceptually simple and provides results fast. It will have wider applications in monitoring treatment efficacy for infections with mycoplasmas and mycoplasma‐like organisms that are difficult to culture, and provides a sensitive guide to treatment progress.

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Ureaplasma canigenitalium sp. nov., Isolated from Dogs

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Three β-Defensins from Canine Testes

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Three β-Defensins from Canine Testes

Phylogenetic Analysis of Genes Coding for 16S rRNA in Mammalian Ureaplasmas

A novel quantitative polymerase chain reaction to monitor urinary tract mycoplasma infection in a dog

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