Urban violence: a guide to the literature

Urban Violence in Northern Border of Mexico: A Study from Nuevo León State

“…Another form of political violence perpetrated by the state is the lack of reform within the police and judiciary or the inability to provide legitimate institutional control over violence. This de-legitimisation is described in the literature, as it relates to drugs, as what Dowdney calls 'narcocracy' (Winton, 2004;Agostini, et al, 2010). Drug trafficker left as rulers of poor communities and low-income neighborhoods, impose their own norms "constructing a simulacrum of governmental control" (Pengalese, 2005;Agostini, et al, 2010).…”

“…Social violence The label "social violence" is used for describing a wide range of acts, which depending on the perspective taken can exemplify economic or political violence, as well as social violence (Winton, 2004;Agostini, et al, 2010). In this vein, forms of social violence can coexist with, or be motivated by, economic violence.…”

“…Considering the gang phenomenon from an economic perspective, its economic nature is clear, but here it is important to also consider the social aspect of the phenomenon. Gangs are formed as a response to social and economic exclusion of youth and represent an alternative societal membership in communities where social capital is lacking (Winton, 2004;Rodgers, 2005aRodgers, , 2006a;…”

Debating contemporary urban conflicts: A survey of selected scholars

“…Moreover, the most ambitious attempts to address the topic often focus on aspects that are presented as an excess or alteration of the 'normal' urban order, as instabilities or deviations from the supposed state of territorial, economic or environmental balance. Of course, phenomena such as social (e.g., see Le Galès, 2002;Urban Studies, 2010) or political (e.g., see Bollens, 2000;Flint, 2006) conflicts -often involving violence or crime (e.g., Bertho, 2009;McClain, 2001;Winton, 2004) -and the urban nexus of the environmental crisis (e.g., see the special issues of Cities, 1996Cities, , 2011 or economic decline (e.g., Glaeser & Gyourko, 2005;Sugrue, 2005) have often monopolized researchers' interests. It is, nevertheless, much more difficult to find contributions articulating these particular conflicts or to attempt to trace their common ground in order to obtain a wider, systemic picture of the connections and synergies between the multiple layers of urban conflict (e.g., see Brenner & Theodore, 2002).…”

The Health of Urban Populations in Developing Countries

“…4 2 Intimate-partner violence and alcohol abuse Violence in urban areas takes a variety of forms, ranging from political and extrajudicial violence to gang violence, local violent crime, and abuse taking place within the home. Moser (2004: Tables 1 and 2) develops a framework within which these complex forms of violence can be analyzed and describes the points of intervention within the judicial, public health, and other urban systems (also see Winton 2004). Garrett and Ahmed (2004) have developed a module for measuring aspects of crime, violence, and physical insecurity that could be adapted for use in surveys, so that these problems can be better documented than they are at present.…”