Urban Seismic Site Characterization by Fiber‐Optic Seismology

Spica, Zack; Perton, M.; Martin, Eileen; Beroza, Gregory C.; Biondi, Biondo

doi:10.1029/2019jb018656

Cited by 102 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(103 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This series of experiments have shown that signal quality is often good enough for earthquake detection and imaging even though loose cables in underground conduits only couple to the surrounding soils through friction and gravity (Lindsey et al, 2017;Jousset et al, 2018;Martin et al, 2019;Yu et al, 2019;Ajo-Franklin et al, 2019). At the Stanford Fiber Optic Seismic Observatory, Rayleigh wave dispersion showed significant spatial variability at scales relevant to earthquake ground motion prediction (Martin, 2018;Spica et al, 2020), and time-lapse changes through a building excavation (Fang et al, 2020). However, investigation of near-surface time-lapse changes due to seasonal precipitation variation yielded no significant velocity variation when investigated with time-lapse ambient noise interferometry (Martin, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing earth and environment dynamics by telecommunication fiber-optic sensors: An urban experiment in Pennsylvania USA

Zhu¹,

Shen²,

Martin³

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Continuous seismic monitoring of the Earth's near surface (top 100 meters), especially with improving the resolution and extent of data both in space and time, would yield more accurate insights about the effect of extreme weather events (e.g. flooding or drought) and climate change on the Earth's surface and subsurface systems. However, continuous long-term seismic monitoring, especially in urban areas, remains challenging. We describe the Fiber-Optic foR Environmental SEnsEing (FORESEE) project in Pennsylvania, United States, the first continuous monitoring distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fiber array in the Eastern US. This array is made up of nearly 5 km of pre-existing dark telecommunications fiber underneath the Pennsylvania State University Campus. A major thrust of this experiment is the study of urban geohazard and hydrological systems through near-surface seismic monitoring. Here we detail the FORESEE experiment deployment, instrument calibration, and describe multiple observations of seismic sources in the first year. We calibrate the array by comparison to earthquake data from a nearby seismometer and to active-source geophone data. We observed a wide variety of seismic signatures in our DAS recordings: natural events (earthquakes and thunderstorms) and anthropogenic events (mining blasts, vehicles, music concerts, and walking steps). Preliminary analysis of these signals suggest DAS has the capability to sense broadband vibrations and discriminate between seismic signatures of different quakes and anthropogenic sources. With the success of collecting one-year of continuous DAS recordings, we conclude that DAS along with telecommunication fiber will potentially serve the purpose of continuous near-surface seismic monitoring in populated areas.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing earth and environment dynamics by telecommunication fiber-optic sensors: An urban experiment in Pennsylvania USA

Zhu¹,

Shen²,

Martin³

2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At lower frequencies, Ajo-Franklin et al (2019) observed the surface waves from large teleseismic earthquakes, and Lindsey et al (2020) demonstrated how to convert DAS records into broadband seismograms via a comparative analysis of DAS and seismometer signals in 1-120 s range. Further applications for subsurface structural investigations have been proposed, such as receiver function (Yu et al 2019) and H/V spectral ratio (Spica et al 2020a) analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very broadband strain-rate measurements along a submarine fiber-optic cable off Cape Muroto, Nankai subduction zone, Japan

Ide

Araki

Matsumoto

2021

Earth Planets Space

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is a new method that measures the strain change along a fiber-optic cable and has emerged as a promising geophysical application across a wide range of research and monitoring. Here we present the results of DAS observations from a submarine cable offshore Cape Muroto, Nankai subduction zone, western Japan. The observed signal amplitude varies widely among the DAS channels, even over short distances of only ~ 100 m, which is likely attributed to the differences in cable-seafloor coupling due to complex bathymetry along the cable route. Nevertheless, the noise levels at the well-coupled channels of DAS are almost comparable to those observed at nearby permanent ocean-bottom seismometers, suggesting that the cable has the ability to detect nearby micro earthquakes and even tectonic tremors. Many earthquakes were observed during the 5-day observation period, with the minimum and maximum detectable events being a local M1.1 event 30–50 km from the cable and a teleseismic Mw7.7 event that occurred in Cuba, respectively. Temperature appears to exert a greater control on the DAS signal than real strain in the quasi-static, sub-seismic range, where we can regard our DAS record as distributed temperature sensing (DTS) record, and detected many rapid temperature change events migrating along the cable: a small number of large migration events (up to 10 km in 6 h) associated with rapid temperature decreases, and many small-scale events (both rising and falling temperatures). These events may reflect oceanic internal surface waves and deep-ocean water mixing processes that are the result of ocean current–tidal interactions along an irregular seafloor boundary.

show abstract

“…Studies using DAS arrays deployed in urban environments have reported that near-surface velocities can be estimated with ambient noise recorded by DAS over monthlong periods (Dou et al, 2017;Martin et al, 2018;Spica et al, 2019). Averaging over long observation times is needed to suppress strong near-field anthropogenic noise but severely limits the temporal resolution of passive seismic monitoring with DAS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Near‐Surface Seismic Monitoring Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing

Fang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

Self Cite

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urban subsurface monitoring requires high temporal‐spatial resolution, low maintenance cost, and minimal intrusion to nearby life. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), in contrast to conventional station‐based sensing technology, has the potential to provide a passive seismic solution to urban monitoring requirements. Based on data recorded by the Stanford Fiber Optic Seismic Observatory, we demonstrate that near‐surface velocity changes induced by the excavation of a basement construction can be monitored using existing fiber optic infrastructure in a noisy urban environment. To achieve satisfactory results, careful signal processing comprising of noise removal and source signature normalization are applied to raw DAS recordings. Repeated blast signals from quarry sites provide free, unidirectional, and near‐impulsive sources for periodic urban seismic monitoring, which are essential for increasing the temporal resolution of passive seismic methods. Our study suggests that DAS will likely play an important role in urban subsurface monitoring.

show abstract

Urban Seismic Site Characterization by Fiber‐Optic Seismology

Cited by 102 publications

References 56 publications

Sensing earth and environment dynamics by telecommunication fiber-optic sensors: An urban experiment in Pennsylvania USA

Sensing earth and environment dynamics by telecommunication fiber-optic sensors: An urban experiment in Pennsylvania USA

Very broadband strain-rate measurements along a submarine fiber-optic cable off Cape Muroto, Nankai subduction zone, Japan

Urban Near‐Surface Seismic Monitoring Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About