Urban environment as an independent predictor of insulin resistance in a South Asian population

Thanikachalam, Mohan; Fuller, Christina H.; Lane, Kevin; Sunderarajan, Jahnavi; Harivanzan, Vijaykumar; Brugge, Doug; Thanikachalam, Sadagopan

doi:10.1186/s12942-019-0169-9

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, individuals that have experienced a double burden of malnutrition or undernutrition in early life followed by later overweight/obesity, also pose a substantially enhanced risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [46]. The observed differences in insulin resistance and adipokine levels at baseline between urban and rural groups aligned with the findings from previous studies, showing a higher HOMA-IR and lower adiponectin levels in urban compared to rural population [47,48]. Moreover, after adjustment for BMI, the differences in HOMA-IR, leptin, and adiponectin were no longer statistically significant, indicating a major contribution by BMI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Urbanization and Unfavorable Changes in Metabolic Profiles: A Prospective Cohort Study of Indonesian Young Adults

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The substantial increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Indonesia might be driven by rapid socio-economic development through urbanization. Here, we carried out a longitudinal 1-year follow-up study to evaluate the effect of urbanization, an important determinant of health, on metabolic profiles of young Indonesian adults. University freshmen/women in Jakarta, aged 16–25 years, who either had recently migrated from rural areas or originated from urban settings were studied. Anthropometry, dietary intake, and physical activity, as well as fasting blood glucose and insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were measured at baseline and repeated at one year follow-up. At baseline, 106 urban and 83 rural subjects were recruited, of which 81 urban and 66 rural were followed up. At baseline, rural subjects had better adiposity profiles, whole-body insulin resistance, and adipokine levels compared to their urban counterparts. After 1-year, rural subjects experienced an almost twice higher increase in BMI than urban subjects (estimate (95%CI): 1.23 (0.94; 1.52) and 0.69 (0.43; 0.95) for rural and urban subjects, respectively, Pint < 0.01). Fat intake served as the major dietary component, which partially mediates the differences in BMI between urban and rural group at baseline. It also contributed to the changes in BMI over time for both groups, although it does not explain the enhanced gain of BMI in rural subjects. A significantly higher increase of leptin/adiponectin ratio was also seen in rural subjects after 1-year of living in an urban area. In conclusion, urbanization was associated with less favorable changes in adiposity and adipokine profiles in a population of young Indonesian adults.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Urbanization and Unfavorable Changes in Metabolic Profiles: A Prospective Cohort Study of Indonesian Young Adults

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several studies have shown the association between insulin resistance and chemicals such as phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), which are some of the environmental pollutants present in urban areas. [22,23] Experimental studies on animals have shown that insulin sensitivity is also influenced by nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and PM 2.5 in air pollutants often found in urban areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural-Urban Differences in Characteristic and Lipid Profile Among Javanese Ethnic of Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Tursinawati¹,

Kartikadewi²,

Yuniastuti³

et al. 2021

Advances in Health Sciences Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Urbanization has led to changes in human health with the inception of non-communicable diseases such as Diabetes mellitus (DM). This is generally due to the adaptation to unhealthy and sedentary lifestyles, with poor diet patterns. The purpose of this research is to identify the rural and urban differences in characteristics and lipid profile among the Javanese ethnic of Type 2 Diabetes patients. Method: This was an observational analytic study, with the cross-sectional approach used to obtain data from 102 T2DM patients in Gunungpati (rural), Pandanaran and Purwoyoso Health Centers (urban). The characteristics assessed included age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, blood sugar levels and lipid profile. The BMI was calculated by dividing body weight in kg by body height in meters squared, based on the Asia Pacific criteria. The blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer, then the levels of FPG and lipid profile were taken after the patients fasted for the previous 8 hours. Furthermore, the Mann Whitney U test was used to test the characteristics differences with a significance value of p ≤ 0.05.Results: There were significant differences between FPG control (p = 0.032) and HDL levels (p = 0.006). Meanwhile, characteristic data such as age (p = 0.214), gender (p = 0.790), BMI (p = 0.196), and blood pressure (p = 0.123) did not have significant differences. Furthermore, insignificant results were also obtained at various levels of FPG (p = 0.917), cholesterol (p = 0.436), triglycerides (p = 0.724), LDL (p = 0.188), and Chol / HDL ratio (p = 0.297). In urban areas, the average cholesterol levels (185.59 ± 52.59) , HDL (62.60 ± 16.69 mg / dl), LDL (201.16 ± 59, 36 mg / dl), were higher than those in the rural areas. Conclusion: In the urban group, FPG control was significantly worse than rural. Furthermore, cholesterol, HDL, LDL of Javanese T2DM patients in urban areas are higher than those in rural areas. However, only HDL is significantly different

show abstract

“…This finding agrees with previous studies where the urban environment was an independent predictor of insulin resistance. (33) Furthermore, there is evidence that insulin resistance is associated with lipid alterations in early life and overweight/obesity. (34) Thus, our results might also be explained by the high prevalence of obesity and alterations in lipid metabolism among our sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents from indigenous areas of Chiapas, Mexico

Flores-Guillén

Castro-Quezada

Irecta-Nájera

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among different sociodemographic and geographic areas of adolescents from indigenous areas of Chiapas, Mexico. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Communities in the Totzil - Tseltal and Selva region of Chiapas, Mexico, were studied. Urban and rural areas of high marginalization according to the Human Development Index. Participants: 253 adolescents were studied, of which 48.2% were girls and 51.8% were boys. Primary and secondary outcome measures: a descriptive analysis of the quantitative variables was performed through central tendency and dispersion measures. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), stratified by sex, geographic area (rural/urban), schooling and ethnicity of mothers were estimated. Results: the predominant risk factor in the study population was low HDL-c (51%). Higher prevalences of abdominal obesity and high triglycerides in girls were found and abnormal diastolic blood pressure in boys was identified. In urban areas were found greater prevalences of overweight/obesity and of insulin resistance while abnormal blood pressure levels were more prevalent in rural areas. Differences were found in the educational levels and ethnicity of the adolescents' mothers. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 10% according to NCEP-ATPIII. Conclusions: In this study, sociodemographic and geographical disparities were found in cardiovascular risk factors. Prevalence of risk factors was high, affecting mostly girls and urban population. Thus, there is a great need to promote healthy lifestyles and health, social and economic interventions to prevent chronic diseases in adulthood.

show abstract

Urban environment as an independent predictor of insulin resistance in a South Asian population

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Urbanization and Unfavorable Changes in Metabolic Profiles: A Prospective Cohort Study of Indonesian Young Adults

Urbanization and Unfavorable Changes in Metabolic Profiles: A Prospective Cohort Study of Indonesian Young Adults

Rural-Urban Differences in Characteristic and Lipid Profile Among Javanese Ethnic of Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Sociodemographic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents from indigenous areas of Chiapas, Mexico

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About