Uptake, Distribution, and Physiological Functions of Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium

Maathuis, Frans J. M.; Podar, Dorina

doi:10.1002/9780470960707.ch13

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…Potassium transport into the vacuole has been shown to be a key regulator of cell expansion [ 8 ]. Both NHX1 and NHX2 are necessary for the accumulation of vacuolar K + and vacuolar alkalization, because the double knockout nhx1nhx2 accumulated 70% less vacuolar K + and had significantly more acidic vacuoles than comparable wild-type (WT) plants [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuolar Na+/H+ NHX-Type Antiporters Are Required for Cellular K+ Homeostasis, Microtubule Organization and Directional Root Growth

McCubbin

Bassil

Zhang

et al. 2014

Plants

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Na+/H+ antiporters (NHXs) are integral membrane transporters that catalyze the electroneutral exchange of K+ or Na+ for H+ and are implicated in cell expansion, development, pH and ion homeostasis and salt tolerance. Arabidopsis contains four vacuolar NHX isoforms (NHX1–NHX4), but only the functional roles for NHX1 and NHX2 have been assessed thus far. Colocalization studies indicated that NHX3 and NHX4 colocalize to the tonoplast. To investigate the role of all vacuolar NHX isoforms, a quadruple knockout nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4, lacking all vacuolar NHXs, was generated. Seedlings of nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4 displayed significantly reduced growth, with markedly shorter hypocotyls. Under high K+, but not Na+, pronounced root skewing occurred in nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4, suggesting that the organization of the cytoskeleton might be perturbed. Whole mount immunolabeling of cortical microtubules indicated that high K+ caused significant microtubule reorganization in nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4 root cells of the elongation zone. Using microtubule stabilizing (Taxol) and destabilizing (propyzamide) drugs, we found that the effect of K+ on nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4 root growth was antagonistic to that of Taxol, whereas elevated K+ exacerbated the endogenous effect of propyzamide on root skewing. Collectively, our results suggest that altered K+ homeostasis leads to an increase in the dynamics of cortical microtubule reorganization in nhx1nhx2nhx3nhx4 root epidermal cells of the elongation zone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacuolar Na+/H+ NHX-Type Antiporters Are Required for Cellular K+ Homeostasis, Microtubule Organization and Directional Root Growth

McCubbin

Bassil

Zhang

et al. 2014

Plants

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“…Furthermore, Mg is usually supplied to crops such as the sulphate since it provides readily available Mg 2+ (STEINER et al, 2018). Since Mg is mobile in the phloem, it is easily translocated to fruits, seeds and tubers (MAATHUIS et al, 2011).…”

Section: Antioxidant Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofortification efficiency with magnesium salts on the increase of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in snap beans

et al. 2021

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Biofortification of food crops is implemented through the application of mineral fertilizers, to improve the levels of essential mineral elements for human nutrition. Magnesium is a key macronutrient in crop production and quality; however, worldwide, it is the most limiting macronutrient in agriculture. Magnesium plays an important role in manipulating physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of biofortification with magnesium chloride and sulfate on the accumulation of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in snap bean cv. Strike. Two sources of Magnesium were applied via edaphic route: Magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate at doses of 0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm during 2018 in Mexico. Accumulation of bioactive compounds (total phenols, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins) and antioxidant capacity in snap bean fruits were evaluated. Results obtained indicate that the concentration of total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity in the edible parts of snap beans were higher in the MgSO4 treatment than in the MgCl2 treatments, exceeding 30, 59 and 6% respectively. This is one of the first studies on the edaphic agronomic biofortification of Mg+ and its effect on nutraceutical quality in snap bean. An interesting result is that MgSO4 produced high concentrations of anthocyanins in edible snap beans. These results can be applied as a new strategy to reduce malnutrition and improve the health of the population in poor urban and rural communities in developing countries.

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“…Potassium plays an important role in enzyme activation, providing electroneutrality during NO 3 − transport, water homeostasis, cell turgor and movement of cells and organs in plants, cell expansion and plant development, and improving plant size, shape, color, and taste [3,6]. Plants deficient in K have reduced turgor pressure, resulting in lower growth rates [6], and reductions in crop yield and plant health [7]. Potassium is absorbed in the ionic form (K + ) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Ground to Grain: Tracing Phosphorus and Potassium in Flooded Rice Cultivar Grown on Histosols

et al. 2022

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To trace the phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content in flooded rice (Oryza sativa L), 14 rice cultivars commonly grown in the Southern United States were evaluated for their P and K concentration in tissue and grain. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Everglades Agriculture Area (EAA), where flooded rice was cultivated on organic Histosols. Soil pH and Mehlich-3 phosphorus (M3P) were significantly different between locations. At Site I, soil pH, M3P, and Mehlich-3 potassium (M3K) varied in the range of 6.8–7.1, 21.4–36.4 mg kg−1, and 53.9–151.0 mg kg−1, respectively. At Site II, soil pH, M3P and M3K varied in the range of 6.9–7.3, 11.2–20.5 mg kg−1, and 64.8–104.1 mg kg−1, respectively. Stem potassium was the only measured parameter that was significantly different among rice cultivars at both sites. At Site I and Site II, stem K ranged from 14.2–26.6 mg kg−1 and 10.4–19.4 mg kg−1, respectively. No significant difference in yield among cultivars was observed at Site I, whereas Site II had a significant difference in yield among cultivars. At Site I and Site II, yields ranged from 3745–7587 kg ha−1 and 2627–6406 kg ha−1, respectively. None of the cultivars ranked consistently in the same top and bottom position for each measured parameter. Total phosphorus (TP) concentration was highest in grain, whereas total potassium (TK) concentration was highest in the stem. Results suggest incorporation of rice stem into the soil could potentially add fertilizer back to the soil which helps in fertility management.

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Uptake, Distribution, and Physiological Functions of Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium

Cited by 11 publications

References 155 publications

Vacuolar Na+/H+ NHX-Type Antiporters Are Required for Cellular K+ Homeostasis, Microtubule Organization and Directional Root Growth

Vacuolar Na+/H+ NHX-Type Antiporters Are Required for Cellular K+ Homeostasis, Microtubule Organization and Directional Root Growth

Biofortification efficiency with magnesium salts on the increase of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in snap beans

From Ground to Grain: Tracing Phosphorus and Potassium in Flooded Rice Cultivar Grown on Histosols

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