UPLC-TOF/MS-based metabolomics reveals the chemical changes and in vitro biological effects in fermentation of white ginseng by four probiotics

Abstract

Microbial fermentation is a useful method for improving the biological activity of Chinese herbal medicine. Herein, we revealed the effects of solid-state fermentation by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Bacillus licheniformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Eurotium cristatum and multiple strains on total flavonoid content, total phenol content, as well as antioxidants, α-amylase inhibitory activities and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in white ginseng (WG). Metabolite differences between non-fermented and fermented WG by different probiotics were comprehensively investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS). Results showed that the total flavonoid content, ferric reducing antioxidant power, scavenging activities of DPPH radical and ABTS radical, α-amylase inhibitory activities and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of WG were considerably enhanced after processing by solid-state fermentation in all strains. The total phenol content was increased by E. cristatum and B. licheniformis fermentation, but decreased by L. plantarum, S. cerevisiae and multi-strain fermentation. Additionally, E. cristatum exhibited stronger biotransformation activity on WG compared to other strains. Significant differential metabolites were mainly annotated as prenol lipids, carboxylic acids and derivatives, flavonoids, polyphenols, coumarins and derivatives. Correlation analysis further showed that changes of these metabolites were closely related to antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects. Our results confirmed that fermentation of WG by different probiotics has distinct effects on biological activities and metabolite composition, and indicating fermentation as an important novel strategy to promote components and bioactivities of WG.

Multi-omic analysis reveals that Bacillus licheniformis enhances pekin ducks growth performance via lipid metabolism regulation

“…DEGs and DEMs were enriched in the GSH, glutamate, cysteine, and glycine metabolic pathways. GSH exhibits strong antioxidant activity, which is also consistent with the findings that B. licheniformis contributed to the increase in antioxidant capacity observed in Pekin ducks ( Chen et al, 2022 ).…”

Table1.pdf

“…DEGs and DEMs were enriched in the GSH, glutamate, cysteine, and glycine metabolic pathways. GSH exhibits strong antioxidant activity, which is also consistent with the findings that B. licheniformis contributed to the increase in antioxidant capacity observed in Pekin ducks (Chen et al, 2022).…”

Enhancing the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in H22 hepatoma cells through biotransformation of notoginsenoside R1 by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S165 into 20(S/R)-notoginsenoside R2

“… 19 Additionally, Lactobacillus is easily obtainable and cultivatable, which enhances its suitability as a safer and more convenient choice for biotransformation processes. 20 Based on the aforementioned reasons, in this study, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S165 was obtained by screening strains in fermented foods. Subsequently, this strain was used to biotransform notoginsenoside R1 to obtain notoginsenoside R2.…”