UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of the underground parts of common Iris species in relation to their anti-virulence activities against Staphylococcus aureus

Biofilms in Surgical Site Infections: Recent Advances and Novel Prevention and Eradication Strategies

“…Other approaches along with surface modifications have also been explored and focused mainly on compounds that interfere with QS by delivering signal blockers, hindering the production of functional bacterial adhesins, inducing biofilm detachment, and interfering with biofilm regulation mechanisms [ 28 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Figure 4 details the antimicrobial and more importantly antibiofilm agents and strategic approaches that are currently being explored in several studies to help control biofilm-associated SSIs.…”

“…Nanotechnology-based approaches, predominantly different types of NPs, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), and other nanomaterials, are also amongst the most studied line of attack to deal with pathogenic biofilms [ 22 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Natural plant-based products are being developed to help overcome the problem with multidrug-resistant bacteria, namely plant extracts and isolated compounds, as well as essential oils that contain large amounts of phytochemicals [ 33 , 34 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ]. In addition, physical approaches (cryogenic freezing, ultrasound), bacteriophages, electrochemical treatments, photodynamic therapy (PDT), combination approaches, and other strategies are also among a few other examples that are being presently implemented [ 26 , 30 , ...…”

“…These antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of the P. americana seed are largely attributable to its total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents, which promote severe perturbation of the bacterial membrane, leakage of intracellular materials, and incapacity to regulate crucial cell reactions [ 57 ]. A study designed by Okba et al [ 37 ] focused mainly on the chemical composition and virulence inhibition of three common Iris species ( I. confusa , I. pseudacorus , and I. germanica ). In the study, the antibacterial effects of the rhizome and root extracts were tested against four prevalent pathogenic bacteria, namely E. coli , Enterobacter aerogenes , Bacillus sphaericus , and S. aureus .…”

“…Metabolite profiling of the investigated species allowed the researchers to correlate the detected metabolites with the observed activities, which led to the conclusion that the I. pseudacorus extract, of all three, exhibited the strongest antibiofilm and anti-hemolytic effects due to the presence of nigricin and tectorigenin-type isoflavonoids, along with xanthones. These compounds were responsible for causing impairment of the phospholipid biosynthesis of the bacterial cell membrane, as well as interfering with the QS system [ 37 ]. Likewise, Jain et al [ 58 ] aimed to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of alkaloid and flavonoid rhizome extracts obtained from three Curcuma species ( C. longa , C. caesia , and C. aromatica ) against S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis strains.…”

Secondary Metabolites of Actinomycetales as Potent Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Targeting Gram-Positive Pathogens: In Vitro and In Silico Study

“…Staphylococcus aureus , an opportunistic Gram-positive human pathogen, is the main cause of several infections, ranging from superficial skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening toxic shock, pneumonia, endocarditis, and septicemia [ 9 , 10 ]. The agr locus mediates S. aureus infection by regulating the formation of biofilm and the release of different virulence factors [ 11 , 12 ]. In S. aureus , the agr locus consists of two divergent transcription units, RNAII and RNAIII, which are driven by the promoters agr P2 and agr P3, respectively [ 4 ].…”