Upgrading earth-abundant biomass into three-dimensional carbon materials for energy and environmental applications

Abstract

Abundant biomass is well accepted as a carbon-rich, sustainable, and renewable precursor for three-dimensional carbon materials, offering us a plethora of possibilities for energy conversion and storage as well as environmental treatments.

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

“…Porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are also self‐sacrificial templates employed to produce carbons with controllable structure and multi‐chemical functionality . Bacterial cellulose, plant biomass, and melamine sponges are ideal self‐sacrificial precursor and templates for 3D carbons …”

Bimetallic tungstate nanoparticle-decorated-lignin electrodes for flexible supercapacitors

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Supercapacitors exhibit high performance using bioderived materials and nanomaterials. [14][15][16] Recently, oxide/hydroxide based transition metals have garnered extensive attention toward electrochemical applications. [17][18][19][20] But, these materials have poor cyclic stability, electroconductivity, and rapid capacitance degradation.…”

MOFs Derived Catalysts Prepared by Pyrolysis for Hydrogenation of Bio‐Based Furfural: A Mini‐Review

“…To date, many utilization pathways, such as preparation of bio-based fuels, bio-based materials and biobased chemicals, have been applied in upgrading BPC. [10,11] It is worth noting that many pioneering studies have made great progress through the development and optimization of catalysts for upgrading of BPC. [12][13][14][15] At present, the development of high efficient catalyst for upgrading of BPC is still an important.…”

“… [9,10] Therefore, the selective hydrogenation of furfural or 5‐HMF to produce value‐added chemicals presents a great challenge. To date, many utilization pathways, such as preparation of bio‐based fuels, bio‐based materials and bio‐based chemicals, have been applied in upgrading BPC [10,11] . It is worth noting that many pioneering studies have made great progress through the development and optimization of catalysts for upgrading of BPC [12–15] …”