Update on the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis (Review)

Abstract

Psoriasis is one of the most common immunemediated chronic inflammatory skin disorders, involving hyperproliferative keratinocytes and infiltration of T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Multiple factors appear to play important roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. These environmental (e.g., infectious agents and trauma), genetic, and immunologic factors are reviewed in this article. Although the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains to be established, data suggesting immune cell dysregulation in the skin are available. The involvement of the immune system, particularly T cells, in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis is discussed in this review, indicating a potential justification for innovative treatment intervention. Besides describing pathogenic T cells, the aim of the review was to assess the function of newly identified antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), interleukin (IL)-23, IL-17, and tissue resident memory cells (TRMs), and their role in psoriasis. Furthermore, new insights were presented regarding TRMs, a recently identified subset of memory T cells, and the role they play in the local memory of disease, making them a potential new therapeutic target in psoriasis. Finally, current developments in T-cell research and cytokine-targeted therapy for psoriasis treatment are reviewed. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Research methods 3. Epidemiology 4. Etiology 5. Pathogenesis 6. Conclusions

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Secretome: A Potential Therapeutic Option for Autoimmune and Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases

“…Several subtypes can be distinguished. Systemic manifestations such as painful (spondylo)arthritis or ocular involvement could also occur [ 150 ]. Psoriasis is considered as an autoimmune disease.…”

Novel Topical Formulations Based on O. Basilicum and T. Pratense: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Inflammatory Effect

“…Normally, T cells help protect the body against infection and disease. In the case of psoriasis, T cells are put into action by mistake and become so active that they trigger other immune responses, which lead to inflammation and rapid turnover of skin cells [40]. Upon clinical examination, we noticed erythematous medium-large plaques on the abdomen, chest, and elbows with silvery scaling, with a positive Auspitz sign, PASI score 7 (psoriasis area severity index), indicating medium erythema, scale, and induration.…”

Roles of AIM2 Gene and AIM2 Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Psoriasis

“…Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease caused by a combination of environmental incentives, polygenic genetic control, and immune regulation (Branisteanu et al, 2022). The worldwide average prevalence of psoriasis is 2% (Samotij et al, 2020), and the disease is often characterized by recurrence and incurability.…”