2022
DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02447-8
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Upcycling process of transforming waste coffee into spherical graphene by flash pyrolysis for sustainable supercapacitor manufacturing with virgin graphene electrodes and its comparative life cycle assessment

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Cited by 10 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…The O1s spectra as in Figure 2(c) could be deconvoluted into two peaks at 533 eV corresponding to MnÀ OÀ Mn [27] and 530.39 eV characteristic of carbon single bonded to oxygen (CÀ O) [28] of rGO. Figure 2(d) depicts the deconvoluted C1s spectra which shows a strong peak for CÀ C in sp 2 hybridization at 284.46 eV and a weak peak at 285.18 eV for CÀ C in sp 3 hybridization state [29]. This correlates well with the Raman results where the sp 2 hybridization state was found to be predominant based on the I d /I g ratio further validating the thermal reduction of GO to form rGO.…”
Section: Characterizationsupporting
confidence: 79%
“…The O1s spectra as in Figure 2(c) could be deconvoluted into two peaks at 533 eV corresponding to MnÀ OÀ Mn [27] and 530.39 eV characteristic of carbon single bonded to oxygen (CÀ O) [28] of rGO. Figure 2(d) depicts the deconvoluted C1s spectra which shows a strong peak for CÀ C in sp 2 hybridization at 284.46 eV and a weak peak at 285.18 eV for CÀ C in sp 3 hybridization state [29]. This correlates well with the Raman results where the sp 2 hybridization state was found to be predominant based on the I d /I g ratio further validating the thermal reduction of GO to form rGO.…”
Section: Characterizationsupporting
confidence: 79%
“…Graphene structure is directly affected by the production type, applied temperature level, and the utilized carbon source. 37,40,41 Therefore, it is crucial to examine the produced upcycled graphene/talc hybrid additive characteristics by leading spectroscopic analysis, one of which is Raman spectroscopy. Comparison Raman spectra of micron talc, upcycled graphene/Fe-micron talc hybrid additives from hybrid-CC and hybrid-FP are shown in Figure 2a.…”
Section: Characterizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…43 The ratio of the intensities of D and G peaks (I D /I G ) informs about the structural disorders as if the ratio increases, sp 2 bonds are broken and more sp 3 bonds are generated causing irregularity in the graphene structure. 44 According to the I D /I G ratio of hybrid-CC and hybrid-FP in Figure 2a, the FP resulted in turbostratic graphene structure 37 with fewer irregularities compared with the CC since the I D /I G ratio of the hybrid-FP (0.94) was lower than that of hybrid-CC (1.38). On the other hand, the number of graphene layers could be estimated by the I G /I 2D ratios.…”
Section: Characterizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At present, people are optimistic about supercapacitors and expect that they can provide services for more aspects of human life in the future. [37][38][39] A supercapacitor is mainly composed of several parts including a current collector, electrode, electrolyte and diaphragm, where the diaphragm plays a role in separating the two electrodes, preventing a short circuit between the electrodes, and allowing ions to pass through. [40][41][42][43] Electrolytes are homogeneous mixtures of acids, alkaline or salts with specific solvents and can be mainly classified as liquid electrolytes and solid electrolytes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%