2019
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807247
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Upconversion of Reductants

Abstract: Electrons and photons are essential chemical "currencies" commonly traded in chemical transformations. The many applications of photon upconversion, i.e., conversion of low energy photons into high energy photons, raises the question about the possibility of "electron upconversion". In this review, we illustrate how reduction potential can be increased by using the free energy of exergonic chemical reactions. The electron (reductant) upconversion can produce up to ~20-25 kcal/mol of additional redox potential,… Show more

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Cited by 72 publications
(61 citation statements)
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References 164 publications
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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example where a neutral organic super electron donor has been used in a catalytic cycle. Viewed from a more general perspective, we have shown how a suitable heterocycle can react with a mild hydridic reducing agent to access a highly reducing intermediate …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example where a neutral organic super electron donor has been used in a catalytic cycle. Viewed from a more general perspective, we have shown how a suitable heterocycle can react with a mild hydridic reducing agent to access a highly reducing intermediate …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this case, molecular oxygen worked as the oxidant and only t BuOK in DMF solution was used . This reaction proceeded through reductant up‐conversion including C−H bond activation, which lowers the Gibbs free energy of the intramolecular C−N bond formation …”
Section: Intramolecular Covalent Bond Formation Through the Oxidationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This strategy finds numerous applications in chemistry. 41,42 In this section, we will compare the two such "thermodynamic auxiliaries", CO2 and SO2, and show that they are dramatically different.…”
Section: The Gaseous Co-product Stability: Co2 Vs So2mentioning
confidence: 99%