Unveiling the osmophores of<i>Philodendron adamantinum</i>(Araceae) as a means to understanding interactions with pollinators

Gonçalves-Souza, Patrícia; Schlindwein, Clemens; Dötterl, Stefan; Paiva, Élder Antônio Sousa

doi:10.1093/aob/mcw236

Cited by 18 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Many species of the three subgenera of Philodendron release resin on the adaxial side of the spathe and, more rarely, on the stamens (Mayo 1991;Grayum 1996;Croat 1997). In Philodendron adamantinum, the pollinating scarab beetles Erioscelis emarginata, attracted by specific volatile compounds produced in the osmophores at the apex of sterile and fertile staminate flowers (Pereira et al 2014;Gonçalves-Souza et al 2017), enter the pollination chamber in the evening of the first day of flowering when pistillate flowers are viable. They remain in the chamber during the night and day two of inflorescence flowering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral resins of Philodendron adamantinum (Araceae): secretion, release and synchrony with pollinators

2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Philodendron is the only genus of Araceae in which resin release occurs in the inflorescence. The resinous secretion adheres to the smooth body surface of the pollinating scarab beetles and allows attachment of pollen grains, making its transport possible. In order to understand the process of resin synthesis and release to the external environment, we used structural, ultrastructural and histochemical analyses at different stages of development of the inflorescences of Philodendron adamantinum. Two types of secretory canals were observed in the spathe: small caliber canals near the abaxial face, and larger caliber canals in the adaxial region. Only the latter canals release secretion into the external environment. The secretory epithelium in these canals is formed by a layer of cuneiform cells, and exhibits secretory activity throughout the development of the spathe. Resin exudation is a peculiar characteristic of these canals and appears to result from pressure exerted by the secretory epithelium and by structural modifications in the wall of cells adjacent to the epidermis, which allow the formation of a separation zone whereby the resin is released. The observed synchrony between anther dehiscence and resin exudation of P. adamantinum enhances the role of this secretion in the pollination process.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral resins of Philodendron adamantinum (Araceae): secretion, release and synchrony with pollinators

2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The occurrence of the numerous mitochondria is common in secretory structures, given the energetic demands of the secretory process, as has been reported for osmophores in Araceae (Gonçalves‐Souza et al . ), Fabaceae (Marinho et al . ) and Orchidaceae (Pridgeon & Stern ; Melo et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), Araceae (Gonçalves‐Souza et al . ), Fabaceae (Marinho et al . ) and Orchidaceae (Pridgeon & Stern ; Stern et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ex Schott (Araceae; Gonçalves‐Souza et al . ); in papillae, hairs and cells of the epidermis that do not form papillae in Asphodelus aestivus Brot. (Asphodelaceae; Weryszko‐Chmielewska et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such papillose epidermal cells have been described in osmogenic tissues of distinct plant families (Nelumbonaceae: Vogel & Hadacek ; Lamiaceae: Dmitruk & Weryszko‐Chmielewska ; Orchidaceae: Millner & Baldwin ; Araceae: Gonçalves‐Souza et al . ), and constitute a useful indicator for the location of these secretory structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Functional anatomy reveals secretory activity in papillose anthers of a buzz‐pollinated Solanum species (Cyphomandra clade – Solanaceae)

Falcão

Stehmann

2018

Plant Biol J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pollination in Solanum (Solanaceae) species is commonly performed by female bees, which vibrate anthers to extract pollen. Another pollen removal type is by male euglossine bees, milking the anthers when searching for floral scents produced by secretory tissues (osmophorous) at the swollen connective of the anthers of species in the Cyphomandra clade. Some species of this clade, however, are buzz-pollinated and present papillate anthers that should also have secretory activity, a hypothesis here tested. The anthers of Solanum luridifuscescens were fixed at different stages of development and analysed under light microscopy, SEM and TEM. Histochemical tests for the detection of starch and lipids were done. Epidermal cells of the abaxial surface of the anthers were visibly papillose, had large nuclei and dense cytoplasm rich in organelles such as mitochondria and plastids, typical features of secretory tissues. In this site, lipid droplets were detected, concomitantly with starch consumption, compatible with the secretory process in osmophores. No exudate or accumulation of substances was seen on the surface; in agreement with a previous pollination study performed in field conditions, where no pollinators were observed collecting floral scents, only pollen. The histochemical and structural analyses have evidenced the lipidic composition of the secretion, strongly pointing to terpenes as the secreted compounds. Ours findings show that papillae of the anthers have secretory activities that produce lipophilic compounds. This does not result in resources for bees, but could be an evolutionary step to the development of more specialised anthers in the Cyphomandra clade.

show abstract

True nectar or stigmatic secretion? Structural evidence elucidates an old controversy regarding nectaries in Anthurium

Paiva

Ballego-Campos

Gibernau

2021

American J of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Floral rewards are essential in understanding floral function and evolution of the relationships between flowers and pollinators. Whether sugars are present in stigmatic exudates in Anthurium and whether it has floral nectaries have remained controversial because of the scarcity of structural studies. To solve these questions, we investigated the floral anatomy of A. andraeanum to elucidate whether (1) tepals are secretory organs, (2) tepals possess a structurally recognizable nectary, and (3) tepalar secretion differs from stigmatic secretion. METHODS: Floral structure was assessed through light and electron microscopy of samples of immature, pistillate, and staminate flowers. The dynamics of the starch reserve was investigated using histochemical tests, and the sugar content in the floral exudates was assessed using thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS: Sugar analysis did not detect sucrose, glucose, or fructose in stigmatic secretions, but confirmed their presence in tepalar secretions. Stigmatic secretion was produced by secretory stigmatic papillae; tepalar exudates were produced by nonvascularized nectaries in the apex of tepals. These nectaries were characterized by modified stomata and cells with cytoplasm rich in organelles, and a high content of calcium oxalate crystals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed for the first time nectaries on tepals and true nectar secretion for A. andraeanum. Stigmatic secretion appears to be a distinct substance, and its often-reported sugar content seems to be a result of sample contamination. Nectar and stigmatic secretions have been often mistaken in other Anthurium species and deserve a revision for this genus.

show abstract

Unveiling the osmophores ofPhilodendron adamantinum(Araceae) as a means to understanding interactions with pollinators

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Floral resins of Philodendron adamantinum (Araceae): secretion, release and synchrony with pollinators

Floral resins of Philodendron adamantinum (Araceae): secretion, release and synchrony with pollinators

Functional anatomy reveals secretory activity in papillose anthers of a buzz‐pollinated Solanum species (Cyphomandra clade – Solanaceae)

True nectar or stigmatic secretion? Structural evidence elucidates an old controversy regarding nectaries in Anthurium

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About