Unusual Toxic Reaction to Amodiaquine (Camoquin)

Schloeder, Francis X.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1961.01580160065009

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…We further excluded 447 in vitro studies, 158 animal trials, 154 reviews/commentaries, 295 papers that mention AQ in passing, 120 drug combinations articles, and 601 malaria articles (Figure ). The remaining 32 articles included 25 papers on AQ safety − and 7 articles on the PK of AQ and DEAQ. − …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Activity of Repurposed Amodiaquine as a Host-Targeting Therapy for the Treatment of Anthrax

et al. 2021

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Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis and can result in nearly 100% mortality due in part to anthrax toxin. Antimalarial amodiaquine (AQ) acts as a host-oriented inhibitor of anthrax toxin endocytosis. Here, we determined the pharmacokinetics and safety of AQ in mice, rabbits, and humans as well as the efficacy in the fly, mouse, and rabbit models of anthrax infection. In the therapeutic-intervention studies, AQ nearly doubled the survival of mice infected subcutaneously with a B. anthracis dose lethal to 60% of the animals (LD60). In rabbits challenged with 200 LD50 of aerosolized B. anthracis, AQ as a monotherapy delayed death, doubled the survival rate of infected animals that received a suboptimal amount of antibacterial levofloxacin, and reduced bacteremia and toxemia in tissues. Surprisingly, the anthrax efficacy of AQ relies on an additional host macrophage-directed antibacterial mechanism, which was validated in the toxin-independent Drosophila model of Bacillus infection. Lastly, a systematic literature review of the safety and pharmacokinetics of AQ in humans from over 2 000 published articles revealed that AQ is likely safe when taken as prescribed, and its pharmacokinetics predicts anthrax efficacy in humans. Our results support the future examination of AQ as adjunctive therapy for the prophylactic anthrax treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Activity of Repurposed Amodiaquine as a Host-Targeting Therapy for the Treatment of Anthrax

et al. 2021

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“…lo5 , 201,204 With doses of 4-aminoquinolines higher than those used in the chemotherapy of malaria, a variety of adverse effects other than those involving the eye may occur. " G, 13,68,114,157,158,171 Toxic manifestations associated with the use of chloroquine or aminodiaquine in doses recommended for antimalarial purposes are rare; side effects noted under these circumstances may consist of headache, some visual difficulty, gastrointestinal distress, pruritus, or restlessness." 124 Mechanisms of action.…”

Section: Quinine Quinacrine Chloroquine and Amodiaquinementioning

confidence: 99%

The chemotherapy of malaria

Powell

1966

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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Malaria remains a formidable global problem. Although substantial progress has been made in efforts to combat and to eliminate this protozoan scourge, much remains to be done. This review dealing with the chemotherapy of malaria presents: a brief resume of historical aspects relating to the development of synthetic antimalarial drugs; a discussion of apposite considerations with respect to parasites that cause human malaria, classification of antimalarial drugs, and terminology; a summary of available information concerning the uses and effects of quinine and widely employed synthetic antimalarial drugs; a short account of certain other antimalarial agents, some developed recently, that are of considerable experimental interest; and a discussion of resistance of malaria parasites to drugs, with particular emphasis on recently detected parasites that are resistant to chloroquine and to other synthetic antimalarial drugs.

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“…Since there is no signiRcant advantage of either of the two drugs over chloroquine, they will not be considered further. Several reports of reversible abnormal pigmentation of the nail beds, palate, and skin in patients receiving amodiaquin weekly over several years have appeared in the recent literature.8, 36,45 Pyrimethamine. Pyrimethamine (Daraprim), derived from analogues of the pyrimidine base, thymine, exerts its antimalarial effect by blocking the enzymatic reduction of folic acid to folinic acid.…”

Section: Antimalarialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs for travelers

Hoskins

Kean

1963

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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Physicians are increasingly being called upon to prepare their patients medically for international travel. Assuming appropriate immunoprophylaxis, this paper discusses the relative merits of the drugs employed in the chemoprophylaxis of tropical diseases such as malaria, African trypanosomiasis, and amebiasis. In addition, drugs useful for the prevention or relief of motion sickness and the diarrhea of travelers are also considered. It is hoped that a review of the pharmacology and clinical application of such drugs will aid the physician in the medical preparation of prospective travelers.

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Unusual Toxic Reaction to Amodiaquine (Camoquin)

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

In Vivo Activity of Repurposed Amodiaquine as a Host-Targeting Therapy for the Treatment of Anthrax

In Vivo Activity of Repurposed Amodiaquine as a Host-Targeting Therapy for the Treatment of Anthrax

The chemotherapy of malaria

Drugs for travelers

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