Unusual Presentation of Guillain-Barré Syndrome After Mandibular Fracture Treatment: A Review of the Literature and a New Case

Samieirad, Sahand; Khajehahmadi, Saeedeh; Tohidi, Elahe; Barzegar, Mohsen

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2015.09.011

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Given the heterogeneity of the patients with post-traumatic GBS, it is postulated that the underlying mechanisms are based on a trauma-related disruption of the cellular and humoral immune system. Trauma often leads to transient immunosuppression and promotes clinical or subclinical exogenous infection [ 6 , 28 ]. Immunosuppression could induce an alteration of immune tolerance and exogenous infection could elicit cross-reactive antibodies [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and electrophysiological features of post-traumatic Guillain-Barré syndrome

Xiao

Ding

et al. 2017

BMC Neurol

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BackgroundPost-traumatic Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rarely described potentially life-threatening cause of weakness. We sought to elucidate the clinical features and electrophysiological patterns of post-traumatic GBS as an aid to diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively studied six patients diagnosed with post-traumatic GBS between 2014 and 2016 at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China. Clinical features, serum analysis, lumbar puncture results, electrophysiological examinations, and prognosis were assessed.ResultsAll six patients had different degrees of muscular atrophy at nadir and in two, respiratory muscles were involved. Five also had damaged cranial nerves and four of these had serum antibodies against gangliosides. The most common electrophysiological findings were relatively normal distal latency, prominent reduction of compound muscle action potential amplitude, and absence of F-waves, which are consistent with an axonal form of GBS.ConclusionsIt is often overlooked that GBS can be triggered by non-infectious factors such as trauma and its short-term prognosis is poor. Therefore, it is important to analyze the clinical and electrophysiological features of GBS after trauma. Here we have shown that electrophysiological evaluations are helpful for diagnosing post-traumatic GBS. Early diagnosis may support appropriate treatment to help prevent morbidity and improve prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and electrophysiological features of post-traumatic Guillain-Barré syndrome

Xiao

Ding

et al. 2017

BMC Neurol

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“…Although autonomic dysfunction occurs throughout the course of GBS, it mainly occurs during the progressive phase of the disease. Autonomic instability, such as cardiac arrhythmia, blood pressure instability, and gastrointestinal dysfunction, have been reported in the literature ( 18 , 19 , 23 , 30 ), and it is sometimes a serious problem that can lead to sudden death. Thus, all patients at high risk for respiratory failure or autonomic dysfunction should be carefully monitored and transferred to an intensive care unit as soon as possible.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guillain-Barré syndrome after surgery: a literature review

Li,

Zhang

2024

Front. Neurol.

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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare postoperative complication that is sometimes characterized by serious motor weakness and prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation. Although the exact nature of the relationship between GBS and the surgical procedure is still unclear, there is a clear increased incidence of GBS in post-surgical patients compared to non-surgical patients. GBS after surgery is unique in several ways. The course of post-surgical GBS unfolds more rapidly than in other situations where GBS develops, the condition is often more severe, and respiratory muscles are more commonly involved. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential, and the condition can worsen if treated inappropriately. Postoperative sedation, intubation, and restraint use make the diagnosis of GBS difficult, as the onset of symptoms of weakness or numbness in those contexts are not obvious. GBS is often misdiagnosed, being attributed to other postoperative complications, and subsequently mishandled. The lack of relevant information further obscures the clinical picture. We sought to better understand post-surgical GBS by performing an analysis of the relevant literature, focusing on clearly documenting the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of GBS that emerges following surgery. We underscore the importance of physicians being aware of the possibility of GBS after major surgery and of performing a variety of laboratory clinical investigations early on in suspected cases.

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