Unusual Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Ocular Leishmaniasis

Mahmood

2019

Turkiye Parazitol Derg

Self Cite

Amaç: Kutanöz leishmaniasis (KL), tropik ve subtropik bölgelerde görülen sık parazitik enfeksiyonlardan biridir ve İran'daki önemli sağlık sorunlarındandır. İsfahan Bölgesi'ndeki Aran va Bidgol şehrinde KL'yi epidemiyolojik açıdan araştırmak için bu çalışmayı Orta İran'da yaptık. Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışma 2009 ve 2016 yılları arasında 8 yıllık dönemde yapıldı. Bütün hastalardan smear alındı ve ışık mikroskobu ile incelendi. Sağlık merkezlerine yönlendirilen KL tanılı hastaların temel demografik ve klinik bilgileri toplandı ve SPSS programı ile analiz edildi. Bulgular: Dokuz yüz yirmi altı KL tanısı konmuş hastanın 542'si (%58,5) erkek, 384'ü (%41,5) kadındı. KL erkeklerde daha fazlaydı (%58,5). En yüksek ve en düşük KL insidansı 100000'de 238,5 ve 44,2 ile sırasıyla 2009 ve 2016'da saptanmıştır. En yüksek insidans %26,3 ile 0-9 yaş grubu hastalarda saptandı. Sonbahar en sık hasta görülen mevsimdi (%54). En çok lezyon ellerde görüldü (%44,7). Hastaların %65,4'ü sistemik glucantime rejimi ile tedavi edildi. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre, 8 senelik dönemde KL insidansı düşme trendinde olsa da halen KL insidansı yüksektir. Bu, telaşlandırıcı bir durumdur; hastalığın kontrolü ve önlenmesi için dikkatli bir planlama yapılması oldukça önemlidir.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But the real numbers are probably three to five times higher the reported extent. There are two forms of the CL, ACL (urban or dry CL) and ZCL (rural or wet CL) (4)(5)(6). In many provinces, especially in rural areas and in large and medium-sized cities ZCL and ACL are common respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Trend of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Focus Disease During 2009-2016, Central Iran

Mahmood

2019

Turkiye Parazitol Derg

Self Cite

“…Iran is one of the most important endemic areas, in which CL is observed in 2 forms; zoonotic CL (ZCL) and anthroponotic CL (ACL). They are caused by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica , respectively [ 4 , 7 ]. At present, CL is the most important vector-borne disease and is seen in many parts of Iran [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Aspects of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis during 2009-2016 in Kashan City, Central Iran

2018

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be seen in 2 forms, zoonotic and anthroponotic, in Iran. In this study, epidemiological aspects of CL were studied during an 8-year period (2009–2016) in city of Kashan, central Iran. The demographic and epidemiological data, including age, sex, occupation, number and site of the lesions, treatment regimen, past history of CL, and season of all patients were gathered from the health centers. Descriptive statistics were used to describe features of the study data. Total 2,676 people with CL were identified. The highest annual incidence was estimated to be 182 per 100,000 population in 2009 and the least was in 2016 (47 per 100,000 population). The highest frequency affected age groups were observed in 20–29 year-old patients (20.9%). More than 51% of the patients were under 30 years old. The maximum frequency of the disease, 1,134 (43.3%), was seen in autumn. The most common location of lesions was hands (61.4%). Most of the patients (81.6%) were treated by systemic glucantime regimen. In the city of Kashan, the incidence rate of the CL disease is significantly higher than many other regions of Iran. To reduce the risk of disease, control of reservoir hosts and vectors of disease, and education of individual protection are strongly recommended.

“…In humans, ocular lesions are usually associated with systemic signs [241][242][243]. Ocular pathologies are documented in patients suffering from cutaneous [244][245][246][247][248][249], diffuse cutaneous [244,250] or post-kala-azar leishmaniasis [241], and in VL [251,252]. In dogs, keratoconjunctivitis and kerato-uveitis are described as the most usual symptoms, occurring in 16-80% of affected dogs [253,254]; keratoconjunctivitis is also observed in feline leishmaniasis [255].…”

Section: Conjunctival Swab/lacrimal Fluid/occularmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sereno

Akhoundi

Sayehmri

et al. 2020

IJMS

Unicellular eukaryotes of the Trypanosomatidae family include human and animal pathogens that belong to the Trypanosoma and Leishmania genera. Diagnosis of the diseases they cause requires the sampling of body fluids (e.g., blood, lymph, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid) or organ biopsies (e.g., bone marrow, spleen), which are mostly obtained through invasive methods. Body fluids or appendages can be alternatives to these invasive biopsies but appropriateness remains poorly studied. To further address this question, we perform a systematic review on clues evidencing the presence of parasites, genetic material, antibodies, and antigens in body secretions, appendages, or the organs or proximal tissues that produce these materials. Paper selection was based on searches in PubMed, Web of Science, WorldWideScience, SciELO, Embase, and Google. The information of each selected article (n = 333) was classified into different sections and data were extracted from 77 papers. The presence of Trypanosomatidae parasites has been tracked in most of organs or proximal tissues that produce body secretions or appendages, in naturally or experimentally infected hosts. The meta-analysis highlights the paucity of studies on human African trypanosomiasis and an absence on animal trypanosomiasis. Among the collected data high heterogeneity in terms of the I 2 statistic (100%) is recorded. A high positivity is recorded for antibody and genetic material detection in urine of patients and dogs suffering leishmaniasis, and of antigens for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Data on conjunctival swabs can be analyzed with molecular methods solely for dogs suffering canine visceral leishmaniasis. Saliva and hair/bristles showed a pretty good positivity that support their potential to be used for leishmaniasis diagnosis. In conclusion, our study pinpoints significant gaps that need to be filled in order to properly address the interest of body secretion and hair or bristles for the diagnosis of infections caused by Leishmania and by other Trypanosomatidae parasites.