Untersuchungen über die Membran der Sporen und Pollen. I. 1. Lycopodium clavatum L

Zetzsche, Fritz; Huggler, Karl

doi:10.1002/jlac.19284610105

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The numerous publications by Zetzsche and co-workers between 1928 and 1937 were a major progress in deciphering the chemical structure of the remarkably stable spore and pollen walls. They first used "Sporonin" to characterize the resistant compound of Lycopodium spores (Zetzsche and Huggler, 1928). When this team realized that the angiosperm "Pollenin" and the lycopsid "Sporonin" are very similar, they coined the term "Sporopollenin" (Zetzsche and Vicari, 1931) which is still in use today.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical thermal maturity parameters and organic geochemical alteration at low grade diagenesis to anchimetamorphism: A review

Hartkopf‐Fröder

Königshof

Littke

et al. 2015

International Journal of Coal Geology

155

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical thermal maturity parameters and organic geochemical alteration at low grade diagenesis to anchimetamorphism: A review

Hartkopf‐Fröder

Königshof

Littke

et al. 2015

International Journal of Coal Geology

155

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“…While the stability and resistance of sporopollenin account for the preservation of ancient pollen grains for millions of years with nearly full retention of morphology (Doyle and Hickey, 1976;Friis et al, 2001), these same qualities make it extremely difficult to study the chemical structure of sporopollenin. Thus, although the first studies on the composition of sporopollenin were reported in 1928 (Zetzsche and Huggler, 1928), the exact structure of sporopollenin remains unresolved. At present, it is thought that sporopollenin is a complex polymer primarily made of a mixture of fatty acids and phenolic compounds (Guilford et al, 1988;Wiermann et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

CYP704B1 Is a Long-Chain Fatty Acidω-Hydroxylase Essential for Sporopollenin Synthesis in Pollen of Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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Sporopollenin is the major component of the outer pollen wall (exine). Fatty acid derivatives and phenolics are thought to be its monomeric building blocks, but the precise structure, biosynthetic route, and genetics of sporopollenin are poorly understood. Based on a phenotypic mutant screen in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we identified a cytochrome P450, designated CYP704B1, as being essential for exine development. CYP704B1 is expressed in the developing anthers. Mutations in CYP704B1 result in impaired pollen walls that lack a normal exine layer and exhibit a characteristic striped surface, termed zebra phenotype. Heterologous expression of CYP704B1 in yeast cells demonstrated that it catalyzes ω-hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids, implicating these molecules in sporopollenin synthesis. Recently, an anther-specific cytochrome P450, denoted CYP703A2, that catalyzes in-chain hydroxylation of lauric acid was also shown to be involved in sporopollenin synthesis. This shows that different classes of hydroxylated fatty acids serve as essential compounds for sporopollenin formation. The genetic relationships between CYP704B1, CYP703A2, and another exine gene, MALE STERILITY2, which encodes a fatty acyl reductase, were explored. Mutations in all three genes resulted in pollen with remarkably similar zebra phenotypes, distinct from those of other known exine mutants. The double and triple mutant combinations did not result in the appearance of novel phenotypes or enhancement of single mutant phenotypes. This implies that each of the three genes is required to provide an indispensable subset of fatty acid-derived components within the sporopollenin biosynthesis framework.

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“…These findings are interpreted as meaning that phenylpropane metabolism via phenylalanineammonia lyase is involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis, as highly purified sporopollenin contains no nitrogen (Zetzsche and Huggler 1928;Shaw and Yeadon 1966;S. 'Apeldoorn' was always seen with U-14C-phenylalanine than with other substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Studies on sporopollenin biosynthesis in Tulipa anthers

Rittscher

Wiermann

1988

Sexual Plant Reprod

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Extensive tracer experiments were carried out on Tulipa with the aim of determining the structure and biosynthesis of sporopollenin. The radiolabeled precursors were applied using an improved technique previously selected. The sporopollenin fraction was purified using either a gentle method -hydrolyzing enzymes (pronase, amylase, amyloglucosidase, cellulase, pectinase and lipase) and alkaline hydrolysis (method A) -or by a conventional aggressive procedure, where the material was enriched by alkaline hydrolysis and treated several days with 80% phosphoric acid (method B). The 14C-labeled precursors applied were mevalonate, glucose, acetate, malonic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, p-coumaric acid. Regardless of the method of enrichment, a higher level of incorporation into the sporopollenin fraction was always seen with [U-14C]-phenylalanine. The level of radioactivity found in sporopollenin labeled by phenylalanine or malonate was sufficiently high for the labeled polymer to be degraded and the products released analyzed for the first time. In the case of phenylalanine-labeled sporopollenin, the main degradation component, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, was also the most heavily labeled substance. This result was not dependent on the procedure used for sporopollenin enrichment. These findings are interpreted as meaning that phenylpropane metabolism via phenylalanine-ammonia lyase is involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis.

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Untersuchungen über die Membran der Sporen und Pollen. I. 1. Lycopodium clavatum L

Cited by 40 publications

References 4 publications

Optical thermal maturity parameters and organic geochemical alteration at low grade diagenesis to anchimetamorphism: A review

Optical thermal maturity parameters and organic geochemical alteration at low grade diagenesis to anchimetamorphism: A review

CYP704B1 Is a Long-Chain Fatty Acidω-Hydroxylase Essential for Sporopollenin Synthesis in Pollen of Arabidopsis

Studies on sporopollenin biosynthesis in Tulipa anthers

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