Unravelling the inhibitory and cytoprotective potential of diuretics towards amyloid fibrillation

Attenuation of Human Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrillation by ACE Inhibitor Captopril: A Combined Spectroscopy, Microscopy, Cytotoxicity, and Docking Study

“…The stock solutions of ThT and CR were prepared from double-distilled deionized water and were further filtered by 0.22 μm filters (Nylon 66, JinTeng, China). The concentrations of ThT and CR were determined from absorbances at 412 and 498 nm using extinction coefficients of 36 000 and 45 000 M –1 cm –1 , respectively . ThT and CR were diluted in PBS buffer (20 mM, pH 7.4) to obtain 20 μM ThT and CR working solutions.…”

“…It is rather remarkable that the risk of AD could be significantly decreased by long-term dietary intake of flavonoids . (ii) Drugs that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as promethazine, levodopa, diuretics, and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, − as well as some small molecules, for instance, indole derivatives and acridine derivatives, are known as inhibitors of amyloid fibrillation and can reduce the cytotoxicity of protein amyloid fibers. , (iii) Novel small-molecule compounds, such as water-soluble curcumin derivatives, have been widely investigated for their inhibitory effects on amyloid fibers. , Interestingly, some vitamins also show significant inhibitory activity on the formation of amyloid fibers. , …”

“…HL consists of 130 amino acid residues, of which Trp 64 and Trp 109 are verified as the most dominant fluorophores in the substrate-binding region for lytic activity . The experimental findings suggest that HL has the potential to form amyloid fibers in vitro , and its mechanism of fibril formation has been proposed . HL has become an important model protein in the study of amyloid formation because of its amyloid formation conditions, conformational changes, and cytotoxicity. − Meanwhile, preventing the aggregation of lysozyme remains a challenging mission since its amyloidosis can lead to the deposition of fibrils in the kidney, spleen, and liver, resulting in the dysfunction of salivary glands, gastrointestinal tract, and vasculature …”

Inhibition of Lysozyme Amyloid Fibrillation by Silybin Diastereoisomers: The Effects of Stereochemistry

“…After diluting the samples for fibrillogenesis dynamics 24 times, ANS with a final concentration of 20 μM was added to the black 96-well plate and incubated in the greenhouse for 1 h before measurement. 59,60 4.7. Raman Spectra.…”

“…ANS was used for wavelength range scanning at 380 nm excitation wavelength and 420–580 nm emission wavelength to investigate the hydrophobicity on the surface of HEWL (140 μM) in the absence and presence of silybin diastereomers. After diluting the samples for fibrillogenesis dynamics 24 times, ANS with a final concentration of 20 μM was added to the black 96-well plate and incubated in the greenhouse for 1 h before measurement. , …”