Unravelling efficient applications of agriculturally important microorganisms for alleviation of induced inter-cellular oxidative stress in crops

Abstract

<p>Abiotic stresses like high temperature, cold, freezing, drought, salinity, flooding or oxidizing agents cause significant loss in the crop yield and quality. Abiotic stresses cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) production such as singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), superoxide radical (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>), hydroxyl radical (OH<sup>-</sup>), etc., that leads to a significant reduction of crop yield. A major source of ROS production in plants through aerobic metabolism is chloroplast, mitochondria, and peroxisome. The tripartite interactions involving <em>Trichoderma</em>- Phytopathogen-Host have received less attention in contrast to the plant–antagonist, plant–pathogen or pathogen–antagonist interactions. This article explores the possibilities of employing thermotolerant strains of agriculturally important microorganisms (AIMs) for alleviating the oxidative stress induced due heat stress in crops by modulating oxidative and defense network of the host.</p>

Fungal Endophytes to Combat Biotic and Abiotic Stresses for Climate-Smart and Sustainable Agriculture

“…Modulation of the plant immune system by endophytes and how they target hormonal response pathways via miRNAs has been reviewed in detail by Khare et al (2018) . Plant triggers comparatively transient defense reaction to abiotic stresses generating ROS ( Keswani et al, 2019a ), and in turn, endophytes produce enzymes for their defense, aiding in modulating and intensifying the plant defense system ( Mane et al, 2018 ). Intensive research on fungal endophytes and how exactly they get influenced by altered climatic conditions prompting the production of such allelochemicals that ultimately trigger the defense mechanism and how this affects plant performance is a requisite.…”

“…According to IPCC (2018) report, cumulative emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and future non-CO 2 radiative forcing determine the probability of limiting global warming impacts of 1.5 • C. The dire effect of climate change can be observed on agricultural productivity affecting overall sustainable agricultural systems. Various abiotic stress conditions, such as high carbon dioxide, drought, high temperature, salinity, etc., hamper food production (Keswani et al, 2019a). Generation of ROS during stress such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide radical (O 2 ), hydroxyl radical (OH − ), etc., decreases crop yield (Keswani et al, 2019a).…”

“…Various abiotic stress conditions, such as high carbon dioxide, drought, high temperature, salinity, etc., hamper food production ( Keswani et al, 2019a ). Generation of ROS during stress such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide radical (O 2 ), hydroxyl radical (OH – ), etc., decreases crop yield ( Keswani et al, 2019a ). Thus sustainable agriculture needs to be climate-resilient agriculture at the first place.…”

Synergistically promoting plant health by harnessing synthetic microbial communities and prebiotics

“…Therefore, the intensified competition between microbial communities and plant pathogens in disease-suppressive soils may be a disadvantage in niche allocation in the soil. These microbial communities have the ability to adapt to the various environmental conditions established for the purpose of sustainable crop production (Keswani et al, 2019). Therefore, an understanding of and the targeted modification of soil microorganisms may provide new strategies for sustainable agricultural system management (Wang and Li, 2019).…”

Variation in the composition of the microbial community in the rhizosphere of potato plants depending on cropping season, cultivar type, and plant development stage

“…Different cultivars of the same plant species grown under similar cropping conditions might potentially promote the selection of a distinct microbial community associated to their tissues (Gomes et al, 2003;Ferreira et al, 2008). These shifts in the microbial community may occur due to the direct interaction with plants or as a result of an occurred stress (McDonald et al, 2004;Keswani et al, 2019). According to Sung et al (2006), plants are capable to increase soil microbial population through their root exudates serving as nutrient sources for associated microorganisms.…”