Unpacking peace and order in Mindanao, Philippines using a peace psychology framework.

Abstract

This study examines the Peace and Order Council mechanisms in selected areas of Mindanao, Philippines using a peace psychology framework that integrates episodes and structures of violence and peace. Fifteen in-depth interviews among members of the Peace and Order Councils were conducted and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results show that direct violence in the study areas includes acts of terrorism and criminality, violence brought about by intergroup conflicts and insurgency, and violence done by and against the military and the police, while structural violence involves human rights violation, poverty, inadequate social services, and poor peacebuilding programs. To address direct violence, the Peace and Order Councils implement stricter security system, intensify their intelligence operations, execute martial law, and employ their traditional nonviolent means of managing intergroup conflicts. Their peacebuilding undertakings highlight their engagement in the Mindanao peace process, development endeavors, and inclusivity initiatives. Findings lend support to the potency of the peace psychology framework in elucidating peace and violence and contribute to the development of sustainable peacemaking and peacebuilding strategies. Public Significance StatementThe study uncovers manifestations of episodic and structural violence and peace in select areas in Mindanao, Philippines. Understanding these concepts and their relationship contributes to the development of sustainable peacemaking and peacebuilding strategies that could enhance intergroup relations and result to sustainable communities and satisfaction for basic human needs.