Unequal translingual Englishes in the Asian peripheries

Translingual English, Facebook, and gay identities

“…The studies illustrated in the emerging tradition of 'translingual English' have made a significant contribution to the discussion of English including relocalization and renovation Higgins, 2009); contextual and emergent realms and practices (Canagarajah, 2018); complex and sophisticated formations around linguistic ideologies and access to linguistic resources (Blommaert, 2010;Dovchin, Sultana, & Pennycook, 2016 & Peuronen, 2009); multiethnic young people in post-industrial contexts (Jørgensen, Karrebaek, Madsen, & Møller, 2011); linguistic creativity and fluidity in hip-hop and other types of popular music (Dovchin, 2018;Lee & Moody, 2012). According to the translingual norm, English is envisaged in terms of transcultural flows of linguistic and cultural resources in which 'cultural forms move, change and are reused to fashion new identities in diverse contexts' (Pennycook, 2007, p. 6).…”

“…This recent critical approach in ‘gay English’ and queer linguistics is consistent with the primary concern regarding the postcolonial perspective of ‘translingual English’ (Canagarajah, ; Dovchin, ; Lee, ; Pennycook, ). The studies illustrated in the emerging tradition of ‘translingual English’ have made a significant contribution to the discussion of English including relocalization and renovation (Dovchin, Sultana, & Pennycook, ; Higgins, ); contextual and emergent realms and practices (Canagarajah, ); complex and sophisticated formations around linguistic ideologies and access to linguistic resources (Blommaert, ; Dovchin, Sultana, & Pennycook, ). The critical dialogues have been focused largely on the creative and hybrid linguistic practices of young people transnationally connected through media and technology (Dovchin et al., ; Leppänen, Pitkänen‐Huhta, Piirainen‐Marsh, Nikula, & Peuronen, ); multiethnic young people in post‐industrial contexts (Jørgensen, Karrebæk, Madsen, & Møller, ); linguistic creativity and fluidity in hip‐hop and other types of popular music (Dovchin, ; Lee & Moody, ).…”

The role of English in the language practices of Mongolian Facebook users

“…However, a Mongolian term, ‘jam bgaa’ 〈‘to have jam’〉, is created through the integration of English ‘jam’ with the Mongolian verb ‘bgaa’ 〈‘to have’〉, a shortened version of the Mongolian ‘baigaa’ by omitting the middle vowels ‘ai’. Note that using the shortened versions of varied terms through omitting the vowels or consonants is a common online practice in Mongolia (Dovchin et al ., 2016; Sultana et al ., 2015). In line 3, a new Mongolian phrase – ‘bread crumbs unhuruuleed’ 〈‘is mixed in the bread crumbs’〉 is produced by the chef, through the combination of English ‘bread crumbs’ with the Mongolian verb ‘unhuruuleed’ 〈‘is mixed in the’〉.…”

Translingual entanglements of English

“…Likewise, while the introduction of the idea of English as a multilingua franca (EMF) (Jenkins, 2015) usefully draws attention to the multilingualism of which English is only a part, it maintains the idea of English as a lingua franca, rather than starting with multilingua francas as the departure point (Makoni & Pennycook, 2012). We need to think in terms of the unequal distribution of linguistic resources in relation to other resources (Dovchin, Sultana, & Pennycook, 2016) rather than the unequal status of a diversity of languages or of a form of multilingualism that can nonetheless be called English.…”