Understanding vulnerability for depression from a cognitive neuroscience perspective: A reappraisal of attentional factors and a new conceptual framework

Rumination mediates the relationship between impaired cognitive control for emotional information and depressive symptoms: A prospective study in remitted depressed adults

“…Moreover, it has been stated that these deficits are not only present during depression, but that impairments in cognitive control after remission would be predictive of future depression (Joormann & D'Avanzato, 2010). The idea is that because of cognitive control problems, vulnerable people can't disengage from negative thoughts, causing depressive rumination, which in turn enhances depressive symptoms (De Raedt & Koster, 2010). This study will define cognitive control as the ability to switch between and update information in working memory.…”

“…However, several authors proposed that impairments in cognitive control may also contribute to the tendency to ruminate (De Raedt & Koster, 2010). Cognitive control functions serve as an important mechanism determining the content of working memory and removing information that is no longer relevant.…”

“…However, in remitted depressed adults such studies are lacking. Based on cognitive theories of rumination and recurrent depression (De Raedt & Koster, 2010;Joormann, 2010), we hypothesized that impaired cognitive control, as measured by the IST, would be able to predict depressive symptoms at a one year follow up. We specifically expected that the relationship between cognitive control and depressive symptoms would be mediated by rumination.…”

Deficient distracter inhibition and enhanced facilitation for emotional stimuli in depression: An ERP study

“…Traditionally, many of those information-processing studies have primarily focused on memory and attention. Recent findings indicate that depressed individuals display an attentional bias for negative material at more elaborative stages of information processing (Koster et al, 2005;De Raedt and Koster, 2010). Moreover, it was found that depressed individuals had a better memory for negative information (Matt et al, 1992;Walter et al, 2007;Taylor and John, 2004).…”

The influence of cognitive control training on stress reactivity and rumination in response to a lab stressor and naturalistic stress

“…Importantly, cognitive control impairments have been identified in at-risk (Owens, Koster, & Derakshan, 2012), currently depressed (De Lissnyder, Koster, Everaert, et al, 2012), and remitted depressed populations (Vanderhasselt & De Raedt, 2009), and predict higher levels of rumination and depressive symptoms in response to stress (De Lissnyder, Koster, Goubert, et al, 2012;Zetsche & Joormann, 2011). Moreover, it has been suggested that cognitive control impairments reflect increased biological vulnerability to depression (i.e., hypofrontality), which through rumination and its detrimental effects (e.g., sustained negative mood) is thought to further increase cognitive and biological vulnerability for recurrent depression (for a conceptual framework on the relation between cognitive control impairments and increasing biological and cognitive vulnerability in recurrent depression, see De Raedt & Koster, 2010).…”