“…A study by Jaffe et al 2015shows that children subjected to more severe, harsh parenting at the age of 3 have reduced CORT responses to the stressor after recent exposure to traumatic events at around 10 years old, which corroborates with other findings of reduced CORT responses after direct stress (e.g., Trickett, Gordis, Peckins, & Susman, 2014). However, in children who had not been subjected to harsh parenting, increased CORT responses were observed, similar to the increased CORT responses observed in children exposed to less sensitive and more intrusive parenting (Laurent et al, 2016). These findings might indicate altered sensitivity to CORT, due to adaptive up-or downregulation of the HPA axis, depending on the severity of experienced harsh caregiving.…”