The large-scale manufacturing and use of titanium dioxide (TiO) particles in food and consumer products significantly increase the likelihood of human exposure and release into the environment. We present a simple and innovative approach to rapidly identify the type (anatase or rutile), as well as to estimate, the size and concentration of TiO particles using Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The identification and discrimination of rutile and anatase were based on their intrinsic Raman signatures. The concentration of the TiO particles was determined based on Raman peak intensity. Particle sizes were estimated based on the ratio between the Raman intensity of TiO and the SERS intensity of myricetin bound to the nanoparticles (NPs), which was proven to be independent of TiO nanoparticle concentrations. The ratio that was calculated from the 100 nm particles was used as a cutoff value when estimating the presence of nanosized particles within a mixture. We also demonstrated the practical use of this approach when determining the type, concentration, and size of E171: a mixture that contains TiO particles of various sizes which are commonly used in many food products as food additives. The presence of TiO anatase NPs in E171 was confirmed using the developed approach and was validated by transmission electron micrographs. TiO presence in pond water was also demonstrated to be an analytical capability of this method. Our approach shows great promise for the rapid screening of nanosized rutile and anatase TiO particles in complex matrixes. This approach will strongly improve the measurement of TiO quality during production, as well as the survey capacity and risk assessment of TiO NPs in food, consumer goods, and environmental samples.