Understanding distribution system WATER QUALITY

Besner, Marie‐Claude; Gauthier, Vincent; Barbeau, Benoît; Millette, Robert; Chapleau, Robert; Prévost, Michèle

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.2001.tb09247.x

Cited by 34 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…22,23 The source of water quality degradation during distribution increases the rate of gastrointestinal illnesses. 24 In addition, as people can become infected with diarrhoea causing organisms in multiple ways, transmission of diarrhoea may not be intercepted by improving the quality of water alone. 25 Despite effective treatment of drinking water, microbes can enter water utility distribution systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological quality of water and diarrhoea among ethnic and non-ethnic communities of rural area of West Tripura, India

et al. 2017

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INTRODUCTIONSafe and wholesome water is a basic requirement for good health. Microbiological contamination of water is responsible for most of the waterborne diseases and diarrhoea is still a major killer of childhood. Two and a half billion people have no access to improved sanitation and more than 1.5 million children die each year from diarrheal diseases.1 It is estimated that 37.7 million Indians are affected by water borne diseases annually, 1.5 ABSTRACT Background: Waterborne diseases are the major causes of health seeking by ethnic and non-ethnic communities of West Tripura district of India. Safe and wholesome water is a basic requirement for good health. Microbiological contamination of water is responsible for most of the waterborne diseases and diarrhoea is still a major killer of childhood. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 177 ethnic and non-ethnic households chosen by multi stage sampling from West Tripura District of North East India during June -July 2016 to assess the bacteriological quality of water and to find out its association with the occurrence of diarrhoea. Results: Among the ethnic and non-ethnic households shallow tube wells were the source for 52.18% and 62.35 %, deep tube wells for 19.56% and 29.41%, and pipe water for 20.65 % and 5.89 households respectively. Sanitary latrines ware used in 46.73% ethnic and 50.59% non-ethnic households. In both the group filtration was practiced by 85% and no purification by 1%. Covered vessels were used for storing water in 94.57% ethnic and 95.30% non-ethnic households. Source of water was mildly contaminated in 15% ethnic and 10% non-ethnic, moderate and heavy contaminations were 11% and 8% each respectively in both the groups. At the point of consumption moderate and heavy contaminations were 2% each in ethnic households. Mild and severe contaminations were 3% and 1% respectively in non-ethnic group. Diarrhoea was significantly more frequent among households consuming coliform contaminated water (p<0.05). Conclusions: Half of the study population was using insanitary latrine and one fifth were collecting water from contaminated sources. Hence provision of safe water and promotion of sanitary latrine is needed to prevent waterborne diseases in this community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological quality of water and diarrhoea among ethnic and non-ethnic communities of rural area of West Tripura, India

et al. 2017

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“…Numerous studies on a WDS failure investigation and asset prioritization for the long-term improvement have been reported in the literature (Alegre 1999;Allen et al 2004;Besner et al 2001;Engelhardt et al 2000;Farley 2001;Francisque et al 2009;Li 2007;Poulakis et al 2003;Sadiq et al 2010a, b;Storey et al 2010). Although the related literature acknowledged the high levels of uncertainties, most of them did not address the uncertainties in the analyses, and even when incorporated, uncertainties were poorly addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Decision Support System for Prognostic and Diagnostic Analyses of Water Distribution System Failures

Islam

Sadiq

Rodriguez

et al. 2016

Water Resour Manage

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This paper presents an innovative decision support system (DSS) for prognostic and diagnostic analyses of water distribution system (WDS) failures. The framework of the DSS is based on four novel models developed and published by the authors of this paper. The four models include reliability assessment model, leakage potential model, leakage detection model, and water quality failure potential model. Information obtained from these models together with external information such as customer complaints, lab test results (if any), and historical information are integrated using Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory to evaluate prognostic and diagnostic capabilities of the DSS. The prognostic capabilities of the DSS provide hydraulic and water quality states of a WDS whereas the diagnostic capabilities of the DSS help to identify the failure location with minimal time after the occurrence and will help to reduce false positive and false negative predictions. The framework has 'unique' capacity to bring the modeling information (hydraulic and Quality), consumer complaints, historical failure data, and laboratory test information under a single platform to perform a prognostic and diagnostic investigation of WDS failures (hydraulic and Quality). The proof of concept of the DSS has been demonstrated using data used in published four articles. The outcomes of this research widely addressed the uncertainties associated with WDS which improves the efficiency and effectiveness of diagnosis and prognosis analyses of WDS. It is expected that the developed integrated framework will help municipalities to make informed decisions to increase the safety, reliability and the security of public health.

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“…Unfortunately, the quality of transferred water can deteriorate within it, which is called secondary contamination [3]. The phenomenon of secondary water contamination in water supply systems widely appears around the world [4][5][6][7][8]. Causes of this phenomenon have different reasons, and factors affecting water contamination can be divided into several groups connected with: water, its treatment and entering into the water supply system, hydraulic conditions, and pipe age in water distribution system, piping material, and network structure [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Correction Within Water Distribution System

Kowalski

Kowalska

Hołota

et al. 2015

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:Water suppliers can be treated as production companies whose main product is water delivered to their customers. The article presents problems connected with management of such companies in the conditions of secondary contamination in water distribution systems. This phenomenon exists in water networks all over the world. Its' presence is particularly visible in countries of former communistic block. In the article particular attention was devoted to the issue of water quality correction in the analysed systems. In the case of water distribution systems, former quality correction methods consisted in special treatment of water pumped into the system, flushing and cleaning of water pipes. In both these cases identification of water quality deficiencies resulted in significant water loss. The situation reflects management processes applied in the manufacturing industry of the 1940s. The authors of this paper put forward the concept of three water quality correction methods which would not entail such considerable water loss. The methods in question are intended for different network types. The implementation of proposed solutions could set new standards in management of distribution systems of water providers.

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Understanding distribution system WATER QUALITY

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Bacteriological quality of water and diarrhoea among ethnic and non-ethnic communities of rural area of West Tripura, India

Bacteriological quality of water and diarrhoea among ethnic and non-ethnic communities of rural area of West Tripura, India

Integrated Decision Support System for Prognostic and Diagnostic Analyses of Water Distribution System Failures

Water Quality Correction Within Water Distribution System

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