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Cited by 143 publications
(109 citation statements)
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“…Radio cannot be used to communicate through rock or soil in the event of a collapse, a fundamental drawback [18]. Through-the-earth: An alternative approach to transmitting information to miners is the use of low frequency magnetic fields, which are able to penetrate soil and rock strata largely unattenuated, so called through-the-earth (TTE) systems [20]. The most widely adopted system is the one-way PED (personal emergency device) system which consists of a very large loop antenna placed on the surface driven with over 1.5kW of power.…”
Section: Mine Communicationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Radio cannot be used to communicate through rock or soil in the event of a collapse, a fundamental drawback [18]. Through-the-earth: An alternative approach to transmitting information to miners is the use of low frequency magnetic fields, which are able to penetrate soil and rock strata largely unattenuated, so called through-the-earth (TTE) systems [20]. The most widely adopted system is the one-way PED (personal emergency device) system which consists of a very large loop antenna placed on the surface driven with over 1.5kW of power.…”
Section: Mine Communicationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Because the spacing of the array is far less than the SLF electromagnetic wavelength (1-10 million meters), shifting only a few sampling points can compensate the delay. This is beneficial to the use of antenna array method in the TTE communication [16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Section 4 summarizes the content of this paper. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a typical mine wireless TTE communication system [16]. The system uses a large ring antenna (2 to 10 kilometers in length) to transmit the magnetic signals that carry information, and the downhole person uses a small ring antenna mounted on the helmet to receive it.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, several thousand miners are annually killed by mining disasters in the world. Accordingly, the fast grasping of position and status for the trapped miners is significantly important to increase the number of survivors [2]. In order to respond to the rescue efforts for the mining disaster, various emergency communication systems have been developed [2][3][4][5][6][7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%