Uncovering the high burden of hypertension and its predictors among adult population in Hosanna town, southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

ObjectiveHypertension is a global public health problem, with its burden increasing particularly in developing countries. However, it has not yet received due attention in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adult population in Hosanna town, southern Ethiopia.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study.SettingHosanna town, southern Ethiopia.ParticipantsAdult population aged ≥18 years (n=634) were recruited by a multistage stratified sampling technique.Outcome measuresA face-to-face interview using structured questionnaire was carried out by trained nurses. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured following standard procedures. Hypertension status was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg in two separate measurements or reported use of prescribed antihypertensive drugs for raised blood pressure. Factors associated with hypertension were identified by multivariable binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 17.2% (19.3% and 14.2% among men and women, respectively). About 40% were unaware that they were hypertensive prior to the study. Older age ≥35 years (adjusted OR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.4 to 10.8), alcohol use (adjusted OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.4 to 8.3), consumption of saturated oil (adjusted OR=6.5, 95% CI: 1.5 to 17.5) and unspecified different types of oil (adjusted OR=8.2, 95% CI: 1.9 to 25.1) and overweight/obesity (adjusted OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.9 to 4.6) were found to be independently associated with hypertension.ConclusionsThe prevalence of both diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension is alarmingly high in the town. These findings underscore the need to design health information provision systems on the risk factors of hypertension and promote good health practices. Blood pressure screening programmes at community levels to identify and treat undiagnosed hypertension should be considered.

Burden of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adult populations in Wolaita Sodo Town, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

“…This finding is consistent with a study done in eastern Ethiopia, Harar jugal hospital which revealed that increased glucose levels in the blood were significantly associated with the magnitude of hypertension and northeast Ethiopia [2,3]. This finding is also supported by a previous study done on the burden of hypertension among adult persons which demonstrated that diabetic mellitus was a strong correlates of hypertension [12]. The other justification could be the shared risk factors like obesity and physical inactivity may contribute to hypertension risks.…”

“…The optimal level of LDL was less than 100 mg/dl and greater than 100 mg/dl was defined as high. HDL is considered as desirable if it is > 40 mg/dl for men and > 50 mg/dl for women [ 20 ].…”

“…The burden of undiagnosed hypertension among adults in Urban Communities of Southwest Ethiopia was 21.2% [2], in Hawassa 12.3% [11], in Gurage Zone gunchire district, 15.3% [1], in Hosanna town 17.2% [12], in Bahir Dar City among bank workers 24.8% [3]. The existence of a high prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension definitely leads to a substantial-high risk for morbidity and mortality from potentially preventable complications of hypertension such as stroke renal failure, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and premature death from heart disease and the economic burden on the population in the world [5,12]. Globally, if the current undiagnosed hypertension levels persist and are untreated, it will nearly cost more than US$1trilion, and indirect costs could be as high as US$3.6 trillion annually [4,13].…”

Epidemiology of hypertension among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…Our study revealed increasing age and being male as important predictors of hypertension. Supporting evidence was reported from the studies conducted in Ethiopia and elsewhere ( Asemu et al, 2021 , Dereje et al, 2020 , Hasan et al, 2018 , Kumma et al, 2021 , Omar et al, 2020 , Tiruneh et al, 2020 , Zaki et al, 2021 ). Hypertension increases with age due to structural changes in the walls of blood vessels ( Pinto, 2007 ), and men are more likely to be susceptible to behavioral risk factors.…”

Association of anthropometric indices of obesity with hypertension among public employees in northern Ethiopia: findings from a cross-sectional survey

“…7 A nationwide NCD risk factor survey in 2015 reported that the prevalence of hypertension was 15.7% in men and 16.5% in women, 9 10 and a recent survey conducted in southern Ethiopia reported 19.3% in men and 14.2% in women as well. 11 Prevention and control of hypertension are urgently required in countries such as Ethiopia, of which healthcare systems are yet insufficient to manage cardiac diseases and stroke, or serious consequences of hypertension. 12 Strengths and limitations of this study ► This is the first study to investigate the difference of anthropometric indices of obesity in association with hypertension in northern Ethiopia separately for sex.…”