Uncontrolled hypertension and associated factors among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at public hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia: A multicenter study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of uncontrolled hypertension and associated factors among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 415 hypertensive patients in Eastern Ethiopia from June 15 to July 15, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and reviewing patients’ charts. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Results: This study revealed that magnitude of uncontrolled hypertension was 48% (95% confidence interval = 43.1%−52.8%). Being male (adjusted odds ratio = 2.05, 95% confidence interval = 1.29–3.26), age ⩾55 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.96–5.08), non-adherence to medication (adjusted odds ratio = 1.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.14–2.94), low diet quality (adjusted odds ratio = 4.04, 95% confidence interval = 2.44–8.44), physically inactive (adjusted odds ratio = 3.20, 95% confidence interval = 1.84–5.56), and having comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio = 3.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.90–4.85) were significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Conclusions: In our sample of hypertensive patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia, half had uncontrolled hypertension. Older age, male sex, non-adherence to antihypertensive medication, low diet quality, physically inactive, and having comorbidity were found to be predictors of uncontrolled hypertension. Therefore, sustained health education on self-care practices with special emphasis on older, males, and patients with comorbid conditions.

High prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among patients with early chronic kidney disease attending tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, Tanzania

“…The prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among patients with early CKD in our study was 58.3%, this is lower than ndings from other studies which reported 66% in Muhimbili, 70.1% in rural Tanzania and 84.5% in Mwanza (17)(18)(19). Our study ndings are also lower compared to a systematic review and meta-analysis of uncontrolled hypertension among patients with comorbidities in SSA which reported the prevalence ranging between 75.9% and 78.6% among patients with CKD (15) while the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among hypertensive adult patients in different parts of Ethiopia ranged from 48.0 % -56.7% (16, 20,32) which is lower to our study ndings. These differences could be accounted by variations in the studied populations; the other studies included also patients who had advanced CKD and they were conducted at are different geographical areas compared to Dodoma with different levels of urbanization.…”

Determinants of Uncontrolled Blood Pressure Among Adult Hypertensive Patients on Follow Up at Negelle and Adola General Hospital, Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Facility Based Case Control Study

“…All self-care domains had acceptable reliability in previous studies in Ethiopia (7,15,54). The Cronbach's alpha of medication adherence, low salt, physical activity adherence, weight management, and alcohol use were 0.94, 0.74, 0.81, 0.93, and 0.92, respectively (22).…”

“…Social support was adopted from the Oslo social support scale (OSSS-3) containing three items (57). The OSSS-3 has acceptable reliability with an alpha coe cient value of 0.86 in a previous study in Ethiopia (22). The patient's Medical chart was reviewed to retrieve clinical information (comorbidity status and Physical measurements (weight and height).…”

“…Evidence indicates that patients with hypertension who have UBP have a variety of contributing factors. Concerning socio-demographic factors, the associations between marital status, gender, ethnicity, and uncontrolled blood pressure from previous studies are inconsistent (5,7,14,15,22). Sex (14,27), age (4,5,7,14,15,28), residence (29), and educational level (14,27) were associated with uncontrolled blood pressure.…”

“…However it could be possible to achieve adequate blood pressure targets in about 70-80% of patients by improving Adherence to lifestyle modi cation and or intensifying pharmacologic therapy (20,21). Despite a rise in the availability of affordable vast treatment options, UBP is associated with high rates of morbidity, disability, and premature death (22). According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, UBP is estimated to world widely cause 7.5 million deaths.…”