Uncommon Sources and Some Unsual Manifestations of Lead Poisoning in a Tropical Developing Country

Rolston, David D.K.

doi:10.2149/tmh.2011-01

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Lead had been detected in blood samples of children, pregnant women, battery workers and painters above the permissible limit in many developing countries including India [15,16]. Moreover, high lead contamination in soil [17], water [18], air [19], herbal products [20], lead acid batteries [21], paints [22], cosmetics mainly (Kohl, lipsticks sindoor, hair dye) [23], and utensils have been reported [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Lead Levels in Pregnant Women

Mahdi

Ansari

Chaurasia³

et al. 2022

Ind J Clin Biochem

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Lead is a highly toxic element which can cross the placental barrier and enter the fetus during pregnancy. Parental lead exposure has adverse effect on infant as well as on maternal health. As part of our program to investigate the lead poisoning in human population we investigated the maternal blood lead levels (MBLL) and umbilical cord blood lead (UBLL) levels in 200 pregnant women and collected their socio-demographic details. In the study we found high lead levels in both maternal and umbilical cord blood samples. The results showed 47.5% maternal blood (n = 95) detected with lead while 38.5% umbilical cord blood (n = 77) samples had lead concentration higher than that of reference range of ≤ 5 µg/dL. We also found that the Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs) revealed a strong positive correlation between the MBLL and UBLL (rs = 0.63). The results from socio-demographic questionnaire demonstrated that the recent home painting (p = 0.002) and residing close proximity to traffic congestion (p = 0.05) were significantly associated with MBLL. Education, mother age, fuel and water sources were not significantly associated with MBLL. Iron and calcium deficiency along with tiredness, lethargy, abdominal pain were also reported in women having high lead level > 5 µg/dL. Concludingly, on the basis of results obtained it may be stated that we found elevated BLLS in both pregnant women as well as in umbilical cord blood. The prevalence of elevated lead levels in mothers will expose the fetus to lead through placental barriers mobilization and it can have long term adverse effects on the developing fetus. Therefore, it is recommended that screening of blood lead levels be carried out in high-risk women based on their social, occupational, environmental, and individual factors. In addition, stringent regulations on lead-based products are also required from government agencies/authorities to reduce environmental lead burden and toxicity. Moreover, public awareness programs should be organized on hazardous effect of lead toxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Lead Levels in Pregnant Women

Mahdi

Ansari

Chaurasia³

et al. 2022

Ind J Clin Biochem

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“…High levels of RC (%) with low levels of Hb%, hematocrit and RBC count were observed in populations exposed to lead from cooking utensils, indigenous medicinal powder (37), lead poisoning cases (38) and lead batteries (23). The literature reports a positive and significant association (> 30 μg/dL) between BLL and RC (%) in lead battery workers (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lead Exposure on the Status of Reticulocyte Count Indices among Workers from Lead Battery Manufacturing Plant

Kalahasthi¹,

Barman²

2016

ToxicolRes

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Earlier studies conducted on lead-exposed workers have determined the reticulocyte count (RC) (%), but the parameters of Absolute Reticulocyte Count (ARC), Reticulocyte Index (RI), and Reticulocyte Production Index (RPI) were not reported. This study assessed the effect of lead (Pb) exposure on the status of reticulocyte count indices in workers occupied in lead battery plants. The present cross-sectional study was carried out on 391 male lead battery workers. The blood lead levels (BLL) were determined by using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The RC (%) was estimated by using the supravital staining method. The parameters, such as ARC, RI, and RPI, were calculated by using the RC (%) with the red cell indices (RBC count and hematocrit). The levels of RBC count and hematocrit were determined by using an ABX Micros ES-60 hematology analyzer. The levels of reticulocyte count indices - RC (%), ARC, RI, and RPI significantly increased with elevated BLL. The association between BLL and reticulocyte count indices was positive and significant. The results of linear multiple regression analysis showed that the reticulocyte count (β = 0.212, P < 0.001), ARC (β = 0.217, P < 0.001), RI (β = 0.194, P < 0.001), and RPI (β = 0.208, P < 0.001) were positively associated with BLL. The variable, smoking habits, showed a significant positive association with reticulocyte count indices: RC (%) (β = 0.188, P < 0.001), ARC (β = 0.174, P < 0.001), RI (β = 0.200, P < 0.001), and RPI (β = 0.151, P < 0.005). The study results revealed that lead exposure may cause reticulocytosis with an increase of reticulocyte count indices.

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“…They reported that the use of metallic pipes for plumbing is a major concern, especially the lead-containing outdated fixtures and solders leach out lead into the drinking water. Rolston (2011) in his study on some of the unusual sources of lead poisoning describes one of the cases of a 30-year-old male healthy office worker experiencing constant non-colicky lower abdominal pain and backache for a duration of 1 month, blue lines on the gums, hypochromic and microcytic anemia and basophilic stippling. Authors scrutinized further to reveal the source exposure and reported "rasam" cooked in a vessel coated with lead was the cause of lead poisoning.…”

Section: Lead Poisoning In Non-occupational Exposed Individuals Causementioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in diagnosing lead poisoning: A review of occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed cases reported in India

2020

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Lead is a nonessential metal which enters the body through various means and is considered as one of the most common health toxins. Several cases of lead poisoning are reported as a result of inhalation or ingestion of lead in employees working as painters, smelters, electric accumulator manufacturers, compositors, auto mechanics, and miners. In addition to occupational lead exposure, several cases of lead poisoning are reported in the general population through various sources and pathways. Innumerable signs and symptoms of lead poisoning observed are subtle and depend on the extent and duration of exposure. The objective of this review article is to discuss occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed lead poisoning cases reported in India and the associated symptoms, mode of therapy, and environmental intervention used in managing these cases. Lead poisoning cases cannot be identified at an early stage as the symptoms are very general and mimic that of other disorders, and patients might receive only symptomatic treatment. Knowledge about the various symptoms and potential sources is of utmost importance. Medical practitioners when confronted with patients experiencing signs and symptoms as discussed in this article can speculate the possibility of lead poisoning, which could lead to early diagnosis and its management.

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Uncommon Sources and Some Unsual Manifestations of Lead Poisoning in a Tropical Developing Country

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

A Study of Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Lead Levels in Pregnant Women

A Study of Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Lead Levels in Pregnant Women

Effect of Lead Exposure on the Status of Reticulocyte Count Indices among Workers from Lead Battery Manufacturing Plant

Challenges in diagnosing lead poisoning: A review of occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed cases reported in India

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