Uncertainty principle in frequency–time methods

Journal of Fish Biology

et al. 1996

The male Arno goby Padogobius nigricans courts ripe females by emitting sounds at a high rate, mainly from the nest hollow. Laboratory observations revealed that each sound is an almost pure tone wave showing marked amplitude modulation and decrease of frequency throughout its length. The mean tone frequency averaged 79·4 Hz and the sound duration averaged 327 ms. Both these sound parameters were significantly affected by the temperature of the water. Acoustic behaviour during sexual interactions was compared for tank-confined males and males from a community group. The fact that acoustic activity of the male peaked when the female stayed motionless at the nest entrance suggested that the sound emitted by the male P. nigricans has a role as an advertising signal. Observation of spawning behaviour showed the emission of sounds by the male rapidly diminished and eventually ceased shortly after the beginning of oviposition. Thus, the male sound seems not to be a functional component of the spawning behaviour. Finally, data on vocal behaviour of this species were examined within a comparative framework, also taking into consideration phylogenetic relationships between Italian freshwater gobies. 1996 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding sounds of male Padogobius nigricans with suggestions for further evolutionary study of vocal behaviour in gobioid fishes

Lugli

Torricelli

Journal of Fish Biology

et al. 1996

“…This kind of analysis is usually called spectrogram, or SonaGram™ since it was first realized by the Kay SonaGraph™, and is frequently used to analyze animal sounds as well as the human voice. Since spectrographic analysis, usually based on the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), is unsuited to analyze some nonstationary signals due to the uncertainty principle (Tsao, 1984;Beecher, 1988), several other processing techniques (zero-crossing, wavelet, WignerVille) have been developed to resolve the frequency-time structure of complex signals or to accomplish particular tasks (Flandrin, 1989;Flandrin and Sessarego, 1990;Nyamsi et al, 1994).…”

Section: Sound Detection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioacoustic research on cetaceans in the Mediterranean Sea

Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology

Borsani

1997

In recent years new impetus has been put into cetacean research in the Mediterranean Sea. Specific instruments and software packages were developed, including a high-quality towed array of hydrophones, with its own amplifier and filtering unit, a portable Digital Signal Processing Workstation (DSPW) with real time analysis and file processing capabilities and an Interactive Digital Sound Library (IDSL).Cetacean sounds were recorded in their natural environment from auxiliary sailing vessels up to 26 m long; sounds from six odontocete and one mysticete species were recorded, analyzed, catalogued and organized in a sound library in order to allow flexible and specific access to sound information for research and other purposes such as environmental monitoring, species identification, censusing activities and educational applications.

“…Analysis parameters (i.e., time resolution, bandwidth and dynamic range) were set to obtain the best spectrographic representation of signals in relation to their acoustic structure (Tsao, 1984;Beecher, 1988).…”

Section: Sound Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sound production during courtship and spawning among freshwater gobiids (pisces, gobiidae)

Lugli

Torricelli

Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology

et al. 1997

In this paper the breeding sound production among gobiids is reviewed. Results of recent comparative studies on both pre-spawning (courtship) and spawning sound production in the three italian freshwater gobiids are reported. A significant production of sounds associated to mating was discovered in two of these species. Furthermore, the quantification of acoustic behaviour across the spawning period (i.e., from the beginning of oviposition until the departure of the female from the male's nest) revealed a pattern of spawning sound production similar in the two species.