Ultraviolet-laser ablation of skin

Lane, R. J.

doi:10.1001/archderm.121.5.609

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This mechanism of material removal achieved through targeted destruction of the tissue chromophore implies that essentially all collagen that is denatured is removed. This may be the key reason why the morphology of in vitro ArFand KrF-excimer laser etching of tissue is free of gross mechanical injury and exhibits minimal thermal injury (Lane et al, 1985;Puliafito et al, 1985Puliafito et al, , 1987b). In contrast, and TEA CO2 lasers, which are absorbed by water, gross mechanical tearing and extensive thermal injury occur (Cummings and Walsh, 1993;Walsh et al, 1988Walsh et al, , 1989 despite comparable optical absorption depths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thermodynamic response of soft biological tissues to pulsed ultraviolet laser irradiation

Venugopalan¹,

Nishioka²,

Mikić³

1995

Biophysical Journal

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The physical mechanisms that enable short pulses of high-intensity ultraviolet laser radiation to remove tissue, in a process known as laser ablation, remain obscure. The thermodynamic response of biological tissue to pulsed laser irradiation was investigated by measuring and subsequently analyzing the stress transients generated by pulsed argon fluorine (ArF, lambda = 193 nm) and krypton fluorine (KrF, lambda = 248 nm) excimer laser irradiation of porcine dermis using thin-film piezoelectric transducers. For radiant exposures that do not cause material removal, the stress transients are consistent with rapid thermal expansion of the tissue. At the threshold radiant exposure for ablation, the peak stress amplitude generated by 248 nm irradiation is more than an order of magnitude larger than that produced by 193 nm irradiation. For radiant exposures where material removal is achieved, the temporal structure of the stress transient indicates that the onset of material removal occurs during irradiation. In this regime, the variation of the peak compressive stress with radiant exposure is consistent with laser-induced rapid surface vaporization. For 193 nm irradiation, ionization of the ablated material occurs at even greater radiant exposures and is accompanied by a change in the variation of peak stress with radiant exposure consistent with a plasma-mediated ablation process. These results suggest that absorption of ultraviolet laser radiation by the extracellular matrix of tissue leads to decomposition of tissue on the time scale of the laser pulse. The difference in volumetric energy density at ablation threshold between the two wavelengths indicates that the larger stresses generated by 248 nm irradiation may facilitate the onset of material removal. However, once material removal is achieved, the stress measurements demonstrate that energy not directly responsible for target decomposition contributes to increasing the specific energy of the plume (and plasma, when present), which drives the gas dynamic expansion of ablated material. This provides direct evidence that ultraviolet laser ablation of soft biological tissues is a surface-mediated process and not explosive in nature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thermodynamic response of soft biological tissues to pulsed ultraviolet laser irradiation

Venugopalan¹,

Nishioka²,

Mikić³

1995

Biophysical Journal

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“…The most common clinical application of pulsed tissue ablation is corneal refractive surgery using ArF excimer laser (λ ≈ 193 nm) pulses of 20-30 ns duration. When ArF excimer laser pulses were first applied for the ablation of biological tissue, the smooth, precise, and nearly damage free character of the ablation [70,152,[169][170][171] as shown in Fig. 14.27a was remarkable.…”

Section: Uv and Ir Ablationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Laser Ablation of Soft Biological Tissues

Vogel

Venugopalan

2010

Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue

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“…Such focusing allows for tightly controlled and precise tissue etching. 1–7 The principal parameters that govern laser surgical performance are pulse structure, radiant exposure, and wavelength. 8–10 It has been shown that tissue damage can be minimized by selecting laser pulse durations that are shorter than the thermal relaxation time of tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vivo optical imaging of hsp70 expression to assess collateral tissue damage associated with infrared laser ablation of skin

et al. 2008

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Laser surgical ablation is achieved by selecting laser parameters that remove confined volumes of target tissue and cause minimal collateral damage. Previous studies have measured the effects of wavelength on ablation, but neglected to measure the cellular impact of ablation on cells outside the lethal zone. In this study, we use optical imaging in addition to conventional assessment techniques to evaluate lethal and sublethal collateral damage after ablative surgery with a free-electron laser (FEL). Heat shock protein (HSP) expression is used as a sensitive quantitative marker of sublethal damage in a transgenic mouse strain, with the hsp70 promoter driving luciferase and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression (hsp70A1-L2G). To examine the wavelength dependence in the mid-IR, laser surgery is conducted on the hsp70A1-L2G mouse using wavelengths targeting water (OH stretch mode, 2.94 μm), protein (amide-II band, 6.45 μm), and both water and protein (amide-I band, 6.10 μm). For all wavelengths tested, the magnitude of hsp70 expression is dose-dependent and maximal 5 to 12 h after surgery. Tissues treated at 6.45 μm have approximately 4× higher hsp70 expression than 6.10 μm. Histology shows that under comparable fluences, tissue injury at the 2.94-μm wavelength was 2× and 3× deeper than 6.45 and 6.10 μm, respectively. The 6.10-μm wavelength generates the least amount of epidermal hyperplasia. Taken together, this data suggests that the 6.10-μm wavelength is a superior wavelength for laser ablation of skin.

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Ultraviolet-laser ablation of skin

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

The thermodynamic response of soft biological tissues to pulsed ultraviolet laser irradiation

The thermodynamic response of soft biological tissues to pulsed ultraviolet laser irradiation

Pulsed Laser Ablation of Soft Biological Tissues

In-vivo optical imaging of hsp70 expression to assess collateral tissue damage associated with infrared laser ablation of skin

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