Ultraviolet (280-400 nm)-induced DNA Damage in the Eggs and Larvae of Calanus finmarchicus G. (Copepoda) and Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) ¶

Browman, Howard I.; Vetter, Russell D.; Rodriguez, C.; Cullen, John J.; Davis, Richard F.; Lynn, Eric A.; Pierre, Jean-François St.

doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0770397unddit2.0.co2

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Evidence of CPD damage following exposure to UV-B has been demonstrated in cod and copepod eggs [Browman et al, 2003]. However, less specific endpoints of genotoxicity should also be considered for other types of damage which may be induced directly or indirectly by solar radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Comet assay for the assessment of UV genotoxicity in Mediterranean sea urchin eggs

Nahon

Charles

Pruski

2008

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Gametes and embryos of broadcast spawners are exposed to a wide range of chemical and physical stressors which may alone, or in conjunction, have serious consequences on reproductive outcomes. In this study, two Mediterranean echinoid species, Paracentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis, were chosen as models to study the genotoxicity of UV radiation (UVR) on the eggs of broadcast-spawning marine invertebrates. The single cell gel electrophoresis, or Comet assay, was successfully adapted to assess DNA strand breakage in sea urchin eggs. The results demonstrated that the genetic material of sea urchin eggs is susceptible to environmentally realistic UV exposure. The induction of DNA damage in the irradiated unfertilized eggs suggests that the previously described defense mechanisms in sea urchin eggs do not completely protect the egg's DNA against UV toxicity. Taken together, our results suggest that UV-impairment of the genetic integrity of the eggs might have a role in postfertilization failures and abnormal embryonic development. Although both species were vulnerable to UVR, embryonic development was less dramatically impaired in P.Lividus. This observation supports the postulation that species inhabiting shallower environments possess more efficient mechanisms to overcome UV-induced DNA alterations. The present demonstration of the utility and sensitivity of the Comet assay to evaluate DNA integrity in eggs from marine invertebrates opens new perspectives for monitoring the long-term effects of environmental exposure on populations and for the routine screening of substances for genotoxicity in marine systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Comet assay for the assessment of UV genotoxicity in Mediterranean sea urchin eggs

Nahon

Charles

Pruski

2008

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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“…The most severe effects of UV-B radiation impair larval development and decrease offspring recruitment (Hunter et al 1979;Williamson et al 1997;Beland et al 1999;Battini et al 2000;Browman et al 2003). In adult benthic fish roach, UV radiation is an immunosuppressive agent (Salo et al 1998(Salo et al , 2000Jokinen et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of survivorship model for UV-B irradiated Catla catla larvae

2006

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A survivorship model was developed for UV-B irradiated Catla catla (17 days) larvae with the help of Kaplan and Meier Product-Limit (PL) method. Larvae were exposed to UV-B radiation (145 lW cm -2 ) for three different exposure times: 5, 10 and 15 min on every other day. The mean survival time of fish was calculated for each treatment using uncensored and censored survival data during 74 days study period. The mean uncensored and censored survival data for the 5-min exposed fish were 7 and 43, respectively. In 10-min exposure period, the uncensored and censored survival data were 19 and 31, respectively. During maximum exposure of 15 min, the uncensored survival data was 20 and censored data was 30. The mean survival time of fish calculated using PL estimate in 5, 10 and 15-min exposure treatments were 69.61 ± 0.50, 65.25 ± 0.96 and 60.60 ± 1.55 days, respectively. The mean survival time showed a decreasing trend with the increase of exposure period. The survival time was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in 5-min exposure treatment than others. This is clear from the present study that the exposure of UV-B radiation affects the survival rate of surface feeder catla larvae.

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“…Unrepaired, UVB-induced DNA damage ultimately leads to mutations through the insertion of incorrect nucleotides at damaged sites by low fidelity polymerases (Friedberg 2003) and eventually apoptosis if the mutation load is too high or in a vital gene (Browman et al 2003, Lo et al 2005. At sites where polymerase stalls, higher torsion can lead to strand breaks (Karentz 2014).…”

Section: Uv-induced Dna Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…If left unrepaired, UV-induced DNA damage can lead to mutations (Ikehata & Ono 2011) and apoptosis of affected cells (Browman et al 2003, Lo et al 2005. In fish, the effects of UVR exposure include damage to tissues of the skin (Armstrong et al 2002) and even the brain (Vehniäinen et al 2012), increased mortality (Dong et al 2007, Fukunishi et al 2013a, 2013b) and behavioural changes in trout (Alemanni et al 2003) and salmon (Kelly & Bothwell 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UV-induced DNA damage in coral reef fish: damage levels and protection mechanisms

Braun¹

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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the surface of earth has been recognized as a major environmental stressor for marine organisms due to the potential of UVB (280 -315 nm) to induce DNA damage such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) that can lead to cell death. Despite inhabiting a UV-rich environment, the levels of DNA damage in reef fish and factors influencing these levels are unknown. Whether reef fish are able to avoid UVR and repair UV-induced DNA damage is unclear despite the importance of these protection mechanisms in other animals. The presence of UV-absorbing Mycosporine-like Amino Acids (MAAs) in the external mucus of reef fish has been confirmed, however the efficiency of these compounds in preventing CPDs has not been studied. The aim of this PhD was to assess the impact of ambient and elevated levels of UVR on reef fish in terms of UV-induced DNA damage, and to evaluate the protective mechanisms available to fish with and without UV vision.In order to determine the net level of DNA damage in skin samples of 15 species of fish from the reefs surrounding Lizard Island, a CPD-specific antibody was used in an ELISA. Analysis using a boosted regression tree shows that the most important factors governing CPDs were species and size, with higher damage being detected in smaller individuals. Other factors such as family, depth and the presence or absence of UV vision contributed the least to the variation in damage. The length of exposure to natural levels of UVR over the course of a day was found to have no significant influence on net DNA damage levels, which were relatively low in situ, compared to levels that were detected in later experiments using elevated UVR.The first protection mechanism, behavioural avoidance to UVR, was tested using behavioural experiments in which fish with (Pomacentrus amboinensis) and without UV vision (Thalassoma lunare) were given a choice between UV-protected and UV-exposed compartments. Additionally, foraging behaviour of settlement-stage larvae of P. amboinensis was determined under ambient levels of UVR. Automated analysis of video footage using MatLab shows that neither species showed a specific avoidance response to varying levels of UVB. Although P. amboinensis showed a preference for deeper sections of the experimental tanks, fish spent equal amounts of time in exposed and protected compartments. The foraging activity and distance to shelter of P. amboinensis that were exposed to UVR were significantly reduced compared to fish that were observed under light conditions that lacked UVR.Next, the efficiency of natural sunscreens, MAAs, in preventing CPDs was tested in P. amboinensis and T. lunare. The levels of MAAs in the mucus of the two species were either reduced or maintained during captivity before exposure to a short pulse of high UVR.Spectrometric measurements of light transmission through mucus samples collected after irradiation were used to quantify the amount of MAAs available for protection. In both species, DNA damage levels in skin sampl...

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Ultraviolet (280-400 nm)-induced DNA Damage in the Eggs and Larvae of Calanus finmarchicus G. (Copepoda) and Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) ¶

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Improved Comet assay for the assessment of UV genotoxicity in Mediterranean sea urchin eggs

Improved Comet assay for the assessment of UV genotoxicity in Mediterranean sea urchin eggs

Development of survivorship model for UV-B irradiated Catla catla larvae

UV-induced DNA damage in coral reef fish: damage levels and protection mechanisms

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