Ultrastructure of Collagen Thermally Denatured by Microsecond Domain Pulsed Carbon Dioxide Laser

Kirsch, Kristin M.; Zelickson, Brian D.; Zachary, Christopher B.; Tope, Whitney D.

doi:10.1001/archderm.134.10.1255

Cited by 71 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The tissue response characterized by thermal coagulation change, achieved by IUS exposure is similar to that from other energy-based devices used in the cosmetic arena such as lasers, radiofrequency (RF) and combination laser-RF devices [9,10,19]. However, in contrast to the other known energy based devices used for cosmetic applications, the IUS field is sharply focused, thereby depositing most of the energy in the form of heat around the focal zone of the beam, leaving the surrounding regions unaffected [3,4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In this study, porcine tissue was chosen as for experiments, since it is an established tissue model for cosmetic tissue applications [9,10,20]. For example, porcine skin has a similar layered structure as human skin: epidermis, dermis and glandular components, underlying connective tissue and muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CO 2 laser has a dramatic ''skin tightening effect'' which is routinely observed by clinicians immediately after the delivery of laser pulses [8][9][10][11]. The mechanism of skin tightening is a heat induced denaturation of the collagen fibers facilitated by disruption of collagen cross-linking bonds that results in an immediate shrinkage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porcine skin is considered a reasonable model for investigating the effect for energy for cosmetic applications [9,10]. Figure 7 shows histologic demonstration of TIZs from an in vivo experiment utilizing the 7.5 MHz 4.5 mm focal depth probe.…”

Section: Porcine Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CO 2 laser has been used extensively for facial resurfacing for the treatment of rhytids. The mechanism of CO 2 laser rejuvenation of the skin is thought to be: (i) ablating and removing the most superficial layer of skin (epidermis), and (ii) delivering energy to the deeper superficial papillary dermis to create a lesion in the collagen [9][10][11][12]. This lesion incites a ''wound healing'' response through the liberation of several cytokines which stimulate fibroblasts to synthesize and lay down new collagen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Selective transcutaneous delivery of energy to porcine soft tissues using intense ultrasound (IUS)

White

Makin²,

Slayton³

et al. 2008

Lasers Surg Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Various energy delivery systems have been utilized to treat superficial rhytids in the aging face. The Intense Ultrasound System (IUS) is a novel modality capable of transcutaneously delivering controlled thermal energy at various depths while sparing the overlying tissues. The purpose of this feasibility study was to evaluate the response of porcine tissues to various IUS energy source conditions. Further evaluation was performed of the built-in imaging capabilities of the device. Materials and Methods: Simulations were performed on ex vivo porcine tissues to estimate the thermal dose distribution in tissues after IUS exposures to determine the unique source settings that would produce thermal injury zones (TIZs) at given depths. Exposures were performed at escalating power settings and different exposure times (in the range of 1-7.6 J) using three IUS handpieces with unique frequencies and focal depths. Ultrasound imaging was performed before and after IUS exposures to detect changes in tissue consistency. Porcine tissues were examined using nitro-blue tetrazolium chloride (NBTC) staining sensitive for thermal lesions, both grossly and histologically. The dimensions and depth of the TIZs were measured from digital photographs and compared. Results: IUS can reliably achieve discrete, TIZ at various depths within tissue without surface disruption. Changes in the TIZ dimensions and shape were observed as source settings were varied. As the source energy was increased, the thermal lesions became larger by growing proximally towards the tissue surface. Maximum lesion depth closely approximated the pre-set focal depth of a given handpiece. Ultrasound imaging detected well-demarcated TIZ at depths within the porcine muscle tissue. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the response of porcine tissue to various energy dose levels of Intense Ultrasound. Further study, especially on human facial tissue, is necessary in order to understand the utility of this modality in treating the aging face and potentially, other cosmetic applications.

show abstract