Ultrastructural features of the synaptic complex of the vestibular nuclei of Lampetra planeri (Bloch)

Stefanelli, Antonella; Caravita, S.

doi:10.1007/bf00335299

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This observation is also consistent with other morphological and/or physiological reports of mixed synapses between eighth nerve fibers and vestibular nuclei in agnathan and gnathostome fishes [Stefanelli and Caravita, 1970;Hinojosa, 1973;Rovainen, 1974;Korn et al, 1977], frogs [Precht et al, 1974;Babalian and Shapovalov, 1984], lizards [Richter Brain Behav Evol 2019;93:34-49 DOI: 10.115993:34-49 DOI: 10. /000499687 et al, 1975, and birds [Hinojosa and Robertson, 1967;Wilson and Wylie, 1970].…”

Section: Other Considerationssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Each of these populations include neurons that re- [Lin and Faber, 1988] and are thus an example of "mixed synapses" that can be present between axon terminals and the cell body or the dendrites of neurons [reviewed in Curti and Pereda, 2010]. Among primary vestibular nuclei, morphological studies similarly demonstrated that the eighth nerve forms mixed synapses with octaval nuclei in the lamprey [Stefanelli and Caravita, 1970;Rovainen, 1974], with the tangential nucleus (T) in the goldfish [Hinojosa, 1973], and with the lateral vestibular nucleus (or nucleus magnocellularis, MG) in the toadfish, where these synapses were physiologically confirmed [Korn et al, 1977]. The eighth nerve also forms mixed synapses with specific vestibular nuclei in species of amphibians [Precht et al, 1974;Babalian and Shapovalov, 1984], reptiles [Richter et al, 1975], birds [Hinojosa and Robertson, 1967;Wilson and Wylie, 1970], and mammals [Korn et al, 1973;Rubio and Nagy, 2015].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunocytochemical Evidence for Electrical Synapses in the Dorsal Descending and Dorsal Anterior Octaval Nuclei in the Goldfish, Carassius auratus

McCormick

2019

Brain Behav Evol

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The dorsal portion of the descending octaval nucleus (dDO), the main first-order auditory nucleus in jawed fish, includes four lateral and three medial neuronal populations that project to the auditory midbrain. One medial population and one lateral population contain neurons that receive a remarkably large axon terminal from the utricular branch of the octaval nerve. Immunocytochemistry for connexin 35 (Cx35) was used to determine whether this connection includes electrical synapses. Although Cx35 was not localized to these large contacts, it was observed in the three other lateral dDO populations. Another first-order nucleus, the dorsal portion of the anterior octaval nucleus (dAO), primitively projects to the auditory midbrain in jawed fishes and contains neurons positive for Cx35. Utricular branch terminals were coincident with some Cx35 puncta in dDO and dAO. The results are discussed in light of what is known about the occurrence of electrical synapses in first-order auditory and vestibular nuclei in fish and tetrapods.

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Section: Other Considerationssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical Evidence for Electrical Synapses in the Dorsal Descending and Dorsal Anterior Octaval Nuclei in the Goldfish, Carassius auratus

McCormick

2019

Brain Behav Evol

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“…1B). The VS neurons receive a strong monosynaptic input from primary vestibular afferents (Bussières and Dubuc 1992;Stefanelli and Caravita 1970) and can excite motoneurons in the rostral spinal segments (Rovainen 1979). In this study, we investigated functional projections of individual VS neurons located in ION.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Motor Effects of Individual Vestibulo- and Reticulospinal Neurons on Dorsal and Ventral Myotomes in Lamprey

Zelenin

Pavlova

Grillner

et al. 2003

Journal of Neurophysiology

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pathways. The axons of larger RS neurons reach the most caudal of approximately 100 spinal segments, whereas the VS pathway does not descend below the 15th segment. This study was carried out to compare functional projections of RS and VS neurons in the rostral spinal segments that the neurons innervate together. To reveal these projections, individual RS or VS neurons were stimulated, and the responses of different groups of spinal motoneurons were recorded in ventral root branches to dorsal and ventral parts of myotomes. The responses were detected using a spike-triggered averaging technique on the background of ongoing motoneuronal activity. Individual RS and VS neurons exerted uniform effects on segmental motor output within this rostral part of the spinal cord. The effects of VS neurons on different groups of motoneurons were weaker and less diverse than those of RS neurons. The results indicate that VS neurons are able to elicit a flexion of the rostral part of the body and to turn the head in different planes without affecting more caudal parts. By contrast, larger RS neurons can elicit head movement only together with movement of a considerable part of the body and thus seem to be responsible for formation of gross motor synergies.

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“…The VN contains many small cells with some largediameter cells that are distributed in three major groups along the rostrocaudal axis of the VN: the anterior, intermediate, and posterior octavomotor nuclei (Johnston, 1902;Heier, 1948;Nieuwenhuys, 1972Nieuwenhuys, ,1977Gonzá lez and Anadón, 1994;Pombal et al, 1996) or the vestibular nuclei (Stefanelli, 1937;Stefanelli and Caravita, 1970). The anterior octavomotor nucleus (AON) is located between the entrance of the trigeminal nerve ventrorostrally and the anterior portion of the trigeminal motor nucleus medially.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Relationship between vestibular primary afferents and vestibulospinal neurons in lampreys

Pflieger¹,

Dubuc²

2000

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The distribution of vestibular primary afferents as well as their relationship with vestibulospinal and other brainstem neurons were studied in lampreys using anatomical tracers. Afferents from the anterior (aVIIIn) and the posterior (pVIIIn) branches of the vestibular nerve were located mainly in the ventral nucleus of the octavolateral area. The relationship between afferents and vestibulospinal neurons was studied by applying one fluorescent tracer to the whole vestibular nerve or one of its branches and applying another tracer to the spinal cord. Some afferents showed large, bulb-like enlargements (bulbs) and about 20 of these were found in the anterior and the intermediate octavomotor nucleus, whereas about 40 were found in the posterior octavomotor nucleus. Some of the bulbs made apparent contact with vestibulospinal neurons in the intermediate octavomotor nucleus and originated mostly from the aVIIIn, whereas bulbs in the posterior octavomotor nucleus originated from the pVIIIn. Applications of biocytin to hemisegments of rostral spinal cord labeled vestibulospinal neurons located in the ipsilateral intermediate octavomotor nucleus and the contralateral posterior octavomotor nucleus. In addition, vestibular primary afferents with bulbs in apparent contact with vestibulospinal neurons were transneuronally labeled by biocytin. They were observed in the ipsilateral aVIIIn and the contralateral pVIIIn and could be followed in the labyrinths, where they innervated the vertical and horizontal arms of the semicircular canal crests. Taken together, these results indicate that vestibular primary afferents from the aVIIIn innervate predominantly vestibulospinal neurons of the intermediate octavomotor nucleus, whereas afferents from the pVIIIn innervate vestibulospinal neurons in the posterior octavomotor nucleus. This anatomical organization suggests that afferents carrying bulbs convey dynamic information to vestibulospinal neurons, which, in turn, project to the spinal cord networks.

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Ultrastructural features of the synaptic complex of the vestibular nuclei of Lampetra planeri (Bloch)

Cited by 45 publications

References 33 publications

Immunocytochemical Evidence for Electrical Synapses in the Dorsal Descending and Dorsal Anterior Octaval Nuclei in the Goldfish, <b><i>Carassius auratus</i></b>

Immunocytochemical Evidence for Electrical Synapses in the Dorsal Descending and Dorsal Anterior Octaval Nuclei in the Goldfish, <b><i>Carassius auratus</i></b>

Comparison of the Motor Effects of Individual Vestibulo- and Reticulospinal Neurons on Dorsal and Ventral Myotomes in Lamprey

Relationship between vestibular primary afferents and vestibulospinal neurons in lampreys

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