Ultrastructural Features of Surgically Excised Subretinal Neovascular Membranes in the Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome

The critical role of ocular-infiltrating macrophages in the development of choroidal neovascularization

“…The deposits in and around Bruch's membrane have also been reported to possibly induce an inflammatory response, and occasionally, macrophages were identified in pathologic specimens in human AMD [7][8][9]53]. In addition, inflammation was implicated in the development of CNV in ocular histoplasmosis and multifocal choroiditis [54,55]. We not only confirmed this concept but also provide data to show that the infiltrating macrophages directly contribute to CNV formation.…”

The critical role of ocular-infiltrating macrophages in the development of choroidal neovascularization

“…The deposits in and around Bruch's membrane have also been reported to possibly induce an inflammatory response, and occasionally, macrophages were identified in pathologic specimens in human AMD [7][8][9]53]. In addition, inflammation was implicated in the development of CNV in ocular histoplasmosis and multifocal choroiditis [54,55]. We not only confirmed this concept but also provide data to show that the infiltrating macrophages directly contribute to CNV formation.…”

Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor are elevated in the vitreous of patients with subretinal neovascularisation.

“…The latter are present in the majority of active subretinal neovascular complexes and represent an inflammatory component of the disease process. '5 16 In a recent report, Motokura et al 20 were able to demonstrate that subretinal neovascularisation can be induced in the rat by injection of 8 9 VEGF into the subretinal space.…”

Development of Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in Rats after Retinal Damage by Sodium Iodate Injection

“…Macrophages also express VEGF, thus maintaining angiogenesis [8,33] . Evaluation of surgically excised CNV has shown that most specimens contain macrophages, regardless of the underlying disease, showing that its presence is crucial in the long-term neovascular complex [34,35] . Nevertheless, our data suggest that macrophage-like cells alone were unable to induce the neovascular process.…”

The critical role of ocular-infiltrating macrophages in the development of choroidal neovascularization

“…The deposits in and around Bruch's membrane have also been reported to possibly induce an inflammatory response, and occasionally, macrophages were identified in pathologic specimens in human AMD [7][8][9]53]. In addition, inflammation was implicated in the development of CNV in ocular histoplasmosis and multifocal choroiditis [54,55]. We not only confirmed this concept but also provide data to show that the infiltrating macrophages directly contribute to CNV formation.…”

Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor are elevated in the vitreous of patients with subretinal neovascularisation.

“…The latter are present in the majority of active subretinal neovascular complexes and represent an inflammatory component of the disease process. '5 16 In a recent report, Motokura et al 20 were able to demonstrate that subretinal neovascularisation can be induced in the rat by injection of 8 9 VEGF into the subretinal space.…”

Development of Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in Rats after Retinal Damage by Sodium Iodate Injection

“…Macrophages also express VEGF, thus maintaining angiogenesis [8,33] . Evaluation of surgically excised CNV has shown that most specimens contain macrophages, regardless of the underlying disease, showing that its presence is crucial in the long-term neovascular complex [34,35] . Nevertheless, our data suggest that macrophage-like cells alone were unable to induce the neovascular process.…”

The critical role of ocular-infiltrating macrophages in the development of choroidal neovascularization

“…The deposits in and around Bruch's membrane have also been reported to possibly induce an inflammatory response, and occasionally, macrophages were identified in pathologic specimens in human AMD [7][8][9]53]. In addition, inflammation was implicated in the development of CNV in ocular histoplasmosis and multifocal choroiditis [54,55]. We not only confirmed this concept but also provide data to show that the infiltrating macrophages directly contribute to CNV formation.…”

Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor are elevated in the vitreous of patients with subretinal neovascularisation.

“…The latter are present in the majority of active subretinal neovascular complexes and represent an inflammatory component of the disease process. '5 16 In a recent report, Motokura et al 20 were able to demonstrate that subretinal neovascularisation can be induced in the rat by injection of 8 9 VEGF into the subretinal space.…”

Development of Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in Rats after Retinal Damage by Sodium Iodate Injection

“…Macrophages also express VEGF, thus maintaining angiogenesis [8,33] . Evaluation of surgically excised CNV has shown that most specimens contain macrophages, regardless of the underlying disease, showing that its presence is crucial in the long-term neovascular complex [34,35] . Nevertheless, our data suggest that macrophage-like cells alone were unable to induce the neovascular process.…”