Ultrastructural Aspects of Tomato Golden Mosaic Virus Infection in Tobacco

Rushing, Ann E.; Sunter, Garry; Gardiner, William E.; Dute, Roland R.; Bisaro, David M.

doi:10.1094/phyto-77-1231

Cited by 58 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Because PCNA functions in both replicative and repair DNA synthesis (Bravo et al, 1987;Kelman, 1997), its induction does not directly reveal the nature of the interaction between host and virus that leads to DNA synthesis. The involvement of DNA repair machinery would be consistent with the fact that most TGMVinfected cells in a plant are differentiated and no longer contain detectable levels of replication enzymes (Rushing et al, 1987;Coello et al, 1992;Nagar et al, 1995). However, the involvement of host DNA synthesis enzymes associated with cell cycle activity is supported by the finding that many infected nuclei contain condensed chromatin (Bass et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…BrdU foci also were observed at the margins of TGMV-infected nuclei (Figures 5W to 5Z). Previous studies demonstrated that host DNA redistributes to the nuclear margins, whereas viral inclusions are located centrally in infected cells (Rushing et al, 1987;Bass et al, 2000). Thus, the location of punctate BrdU foci at nuclear margins is consistent with host DNA replication.…”

Section: Brdu Can Be Distributed Differentially Between Tgmv and Hostmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Previous studies of TGMV infection did not examine active TGMV DNA synthesis directly (Rushing et al, 1987;Nagar et al, 1995;Bass et al, 2000). The use of BrdU incorporation in intact TGMV-infected N. benthamiana organs allowed us to demonstrate that TGMV replicates its DNA in a variety of The finding that host DNA also was replicated was unexpected, because chromosomal replication is tightly regulated.…”

Section: Tgmv Activates Host Dna Synthesis Machinery In Differentiatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV), a member of the begomovirus genus, infects a wide variety of differentiated cell types (Rushing et al, 1987;Nagar et al, 1995;Bass et al, 2000). Other geminiviruses, including Beet curly top virus , Maize streak virus , and Bean dwarf mosaic virus , also localize to quiescent, differentiated cells (Esau, 1977;Lucy et al, 1996;Sudarshana et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host DNA Replication Is Induced by Geminivirus Infection of Differentiated Plant Cells

2002

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The geminivirus Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) replicates in differentiated plant cells using host DNA synthesis machinery. We used 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation to examine DNA synthesis directly in infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants to determine if viral reprogramming of host replication controls had an impact on host DNA replication. Immunoblot analysis revealed that up to 17-fold more BrdU was incorporated into chromosomal DNA of TGMV-infected versus mock-infected, similarly treated healthy leaves. Colocalization studies of viral DNA and BrdU demonstrated that BrdU incorporation was specific to infected cells and was associated with both host and viral DNA. TGMV and host DNA synthesis were inhibited differentially by aphidicolin but were equally sensitive to hydroxyurea. Short BrdU labeling times resulted in some infected cells showing punctate foci associated with host DNA. Longer periods showed BrdU label uniformly throughout host DNA, some of which showed condensed chromatin, only in infected nuclei. By contrast, BrdU associated with viral DNA was centralized and showed uniform, compartmentalized labeling. Our results demonstrate that chromosomal DNA is replicated in TGMV-infected cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Brdu Can Be Distributed Differentially Between Tgmv and Hostmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Tgmv Activates Host Dna Synthesis Machinery In Differentiatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host DNA Replication Is Induced by Geminivirus Infection of Differentiated Plant Cells

2002

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“…Because this induced modification, nucleolus of nucleus has occupied ¾ th part of the nucleus. Such type of structures have also been observed by Rushing et al, (1987) in tobacco plants infected with tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV). Similarly, Kim et al, (1978) reported that bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV), in Phaseolus vulgaris plants, induced striking changes in the nuclear structure including hypertrophy of nucleolus so that it occupied up to 3/4 th of the nuclear volume and appearance of electron-dense condensed fibrillar rings in various numbers and sizes.…”

Section: Cytopathology Changesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Cytopathological Changes Induced by Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus in Mid-Vein of Infected Okra Plant

Markam¹,

Singh²,

Lal³

et al. 2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Regulation of a Geminivirus Coat Protein Promoter by AL2 Protein (TrAP): Evidence for Activation and Derepression Mechanisms

1997

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Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) is a bipartite member of the subgroup III Geminiviridae. Like all geminiviruses, TGMV replicates in the nucleus of susceptible cells by rolling circle replication (RCR). Double-stranded replicative form DNA generated during RCR serves as template for the transcription of viral genes by RNA polymerase II and the associated cellular transcription machinery. Previous studies in tobacco protoplasts and Nicotiana benthamiana leaf discs have shown that the viral AL2 gene product transactivates expression of the coat protein (CP) and BR1 movement protein genes, and that activation occurs at the level of transcription. Because of its function and properties, we propose the name TrAP, transcriptional activator protein, for the AL2 gene product. Using transgenes consisting of complete and truncated versions of the CP promoter fused to the GUS reporter gene, we show in the studies presented here that TrAP is required for CP gene expression in both mesophyll and phloem tissues. Surprisingly, TrAP appears to induce CP expression by different mechanisms in different cell types: it may activate the CP promoter in mesophyll cells, and acts to derepress the promoter in phloem tissue. In addition, TrAP is clearly capable of inducing the expression of responsive chromosomal promoters and could, in principle, activate host genes. Distinct viral sequence elements mediate expression and derepression in phloem and activation in mesophyll, suggesting that TrAP interacts with different components of the cellular transcription machinery to accomplish CP gene expression in different cell types, and underscoring the intricacy and complexity of virus-host interactions.

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Ultrastructural Aspects of Tomato Golden Mosaic Virus Infection in Tobacco

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Host DNA Replication Is Induced by Geminivirus Infection of Differentiated Plant Cells

Host DNA Replication Is Induced by Geminivirus Infection of Differentiated Plant Cells

Cytopathological Changes Induced by Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus in Mid-Vein of Infected Okra Plant

Regulation of a Geminivirus Coat Protein Promoter by AL2 Protein (TrAP): Evidence for Activation and Derepression Mechanisms

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