2003
DOI: 10.1017/s0012162203001531
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Abstract: Intramuscular botulinum toxin A injections are beneficial for the treatment of functional shortening of the iliopsoas muscle, but it is difficult to achieve precise needle positioning and injection. As a solution to this we present an ultrasound-guided injection technique for the iliopsoas muscle using an anterior approach from the groin. The procedure was performed 26 times in 13 patients (seven males, six females; mean age 11 years, SD 9 years 8 months; age range 4 to 31 years), 10 times bilaterally. Indicat… Show more

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Cited by 32 publications
(24 citation statements)
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“…More recently, localization with the use of electrical stimulation has demonstrated good functional lower limb outcomes (Love et al 2001) and sustained improvement in the upper limb (Boyd et al 2003, Wallen et al 2004. Ultrasound is an emerging localization technique (Westhoff et al 2003), and electrical stimulation has been shown to be more accurate in needle placement than manual techniques (Chin et al 2005). So far there have been no studies specifically examining BTX-A injected into upper limbs of children with CP with the use of both electromyography and stimulation.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More recently, localization with the use of electrical stimulation has demonstrated good functional lower limb outcomes (Love et al 2001) and sustained improvement in the upper limb (Boyd et al 2003, Wallen et al 2004. Ultrasound is an emerging localization technique (Westhoff et al 2003), and electrical stimulation has been shown to be more accurate in needle placement than manual techniques (Chin et al 2005). So far there have been no studies specifically examining BTX-A injected into upper limbs of children with CP with the use of both electromyography and stimulation.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Excessive weakness may be prevented by applying modern methods of injection precision control and more concentrated solutions of the drug administered into hand muscles [36]. Ultrasound BTA injection precision control is recognized as the most prospective and convenient method of control in pediatric practice [18,[37][38][39][40][41]. In the given trial, ultrasound control was used at injections in forearm muscles, gracilis superficial leg muscles and posterior tibial muscles.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The computed tomographyguided technique described in 2000 by Porta et al had several disadvantages, including high costs, long examination time, use of ionizing radiation, and the need for sedation especially in young patients [22]. In 2003, Westhoff et al [6] described a US-guided technique with an anterior approach, which allowed the needle to be positioned quickly, safely, and without the use of ionizing radiation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Correct placement of the needle within the muscular structure is essential to avoid adverse effects. Moreover, unless one is certain that the toxin has indeed been injected into the muscle poor clinical outcomes cannot be reliably attributed to a lack of response to BTX-A [6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%