Ultrasound‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with capillary gas chromatography for simultaneous analysis of nine pyrethroids in domestic wastewaters

Abstract

A simple and rapid ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method coupled with GC-flame ionization detection was developed for simultaneous determination of nine pyrethroids in domestic wastewater samples. An ultrasound-assisted process was applied to accelerate the formation of the fine cloudy solution using small volume of disperser solvent, which markedly increased the extraction efficiency and reduced the equilibrium time. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated, including the type and volume of extraction solvent and disperser solvent, extraction and ultrasonic time. Good linearity was obtained for all analytes in the range of 0.8-100 microg/L with the correlation coefficient (r(2)) > or = 0.998. The recoveries at three spiking levels ranged from 75.3 to 101.2% with the RSD less than 8.7% (n=5). Under the optimum condition, the enrichment factors for the nine pyrethroids ranged from 728- to 1725-fold. This method offered a good alternative for routine analysis due to its simplicity and reliability.

Separation and Preconcentration by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Procedure: Recent Applications

“…Yan et al [16][17][18] present three simple and sensitive methods based on ultrasound-generated emulsions combined with DLLME. In general, the ultrasound-assisted process was applied to accelerate the formation of fine cloudy solution with less disperser solvent, which increased the extraction efficiency and reduced the equilibrium time.…”

“…Industrial wastewaters [6] Anionic surfactants Domestic wastewater [17] Cypermethrin, permethrin 3.5 mL methanol …”

“…Gas Chromatography DLLME has been used in conjunction with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for the analysis of volatile organic compounds [12], drug [13], nitrotoluenes [14], parabens [15], phthalate esters [16], pyrethroids [17,18], triazole pesticides [19,20] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [23].…”

Recent Advances in Dispersive Liquid - Liquid Microextraction for Organic Compounds Analysis in Environmental Water: A Review

“…A simple and rapid ultrasound-assisted DLLME (UA-DLLME) technique has been developed for diverse organic pollutants [96][97][98][99]. Compared to the conventional DLLME, an ultrasound-assisted process was applied to accelerate the formation of the fine cloudy solution.…”

“…Compared to the conventional DLLME, an ultrasound-assisted process was applied to accelerate the formation of the fine cloudy solution. UA-DLLME combined with capillary GC-FID [96] and HPLC-UV [97] was used to the determination of pyrethroides in domestic wastewater and river water samples. For the analysis of four fluoquinolones (ofloxacin, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin and lomefloxacin) in pharmaceutical wastewater samples coupled with HPLC-UV, UA-DLLME was improved by Yan and co-workers [98].…”