Ultrasonographic manifestations of common carotid atherosclerosis in elderly eastern Finnish men. Prevalence and associations with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors.

Salonen, Riitta; Tervahauta, Markku; Salonen, Jukka T.; Pekkanen, Juha; Nissinen, Aulikki; Karvonen, M. J.

doi:10.1161/01.atv.14.10.1631

Cited by 68 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The carotid artery IMT is known to have a positive correlation with various atherosclerotic risk factors, such as age, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDLcholesterol [16][17][18][19][20]. The correlation coefficients between IMT and age (r = 0.520 in healthy subjects; r = 0.429 in diabetic patients) were similar to previous studies [21][22][23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Normative values of carotid artery intima-media thickness in healthy Korean adults and estimation of macrovascular diseases relative risk using this data in type 2 diabetes patients

Kim

Won

et al. 2006

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Normative values of carotid artery intima-media thickness in healthy Korean adults and estimation of macrovascular diseases relative risk using this data in type 2 diabetes patients

Kim

Won

et al. 2006

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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“…A cross-sectional study of Finnish elderly men reported a lack of the association between carotid mineralizations and clinical cardiovascular disease. 15 We did not have a significant excess risk of total or ischemic stroke associated with calcified plaque. The CHS also reported a nonsignificant relative risk of 6.93 (95% CI, 0.8 to 60.2) for incident stroke with calcified plaque.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque Characteristics as a Risk Factor for Stroke in Japanese Elderly Men

Kitamura

Iso

Imano

et al. 2004

Stroke

260

177

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Background and Purpose-Few cohort studies have examined the association of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque characteristics with the risk of stroke in apparently healthy persons. We examined the relationship of carotid IMT and the surface, morphology, and calcification of carotid plaques with the incidence of stroke among Japanese men. Methods-Carotid IMT and plaque were evaluated bilaterally with ultrasonography in 1289 men aged 60 to 74 years without a previous stroke or coronary heart disease. In this cohort, the subsequent incidence of stroke was investigated. Results-During the 4.5-year follow-up, 34 strokes occurred. The multivariate-adjusted relative risk (95% CI) for the highest versus lowest quartiles of maximum IMT of the common carotid artery (CCA; Ն1.07 versus Յ0.77 mm) was 3.0 (1.1 to 8.3) for stroke. The combination of CCA and internal carotid artery (ICA) wall thickness was a better predictor of the risk of stroke than was CCA wall thickness alone. Men with a plaque, defined as a focal wall thickness of Ն1.5 mm, in the ICA had a 3-fold higher risk of stroke than those without a plaque, and the plaque surface irregularity further increased the stroke risk. A significant excess risk of stroke was confined to men with an uncalcified plaque. Key Words: atherosclerosis Ⅲ carotid artery Ⅲ epidemiology Ⅲ risk factors Ⅲ stroke P rospective population-based studies in Europe and the United States have documented that carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque are positively associated with the subsequent incidence of stroke. 1-4 Furthermore, 2 prospective studies have investigated the association between echogenicity of plaques or carotid artery lesions and stroke risk in American populations; 1 study indicated that hypoechoic plaque was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, 5 and the other study implied that acoustic shadowing on carotid artery lesions is predictive of ischemic stroke. 6 In Asian countries, a previous follow-up study of Japanese patients with cardiovascular diseases or high-risk profiles showed a positive association between the severity of carotid plaque and the risk of ischemic stroke, 7 but no prospective study has been conducted in a general population. The aim of this prospective study was to systematically examine the incidence of stroke in relation to carotid IMT and the surface, morphology, and calcification of carotid plaque in community-dwelling Japanese elderly men. Conclusions-Increased Subjects and Methods Study PopulationSubjects comprised 1358 men aged 60 to 74 years who were all participants of the target ages in a cardiovascular risk survey between 1996 and 2000. Subjects lived in 1 urban and 2 rural communities in Japan (Minamitakayasu district in Yao City, an urban community in Osaka Prefecture, 278 miles west of Tokyo, with a total census of 23 552 in 2000; Ikawa town, a rural community in Akita Prefecture, 280 miles northeast of Tokyo, with a total census of 6116; and Noichi town, a rural community in Kochi Prefecture, 393 miles sout...

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“…In the present study, the definition of plaque was in accordance with the Mannheim Carotid Intima–Media Thickness and Plaque Consensus from 2004,11 in which cIMT ≥1.5 mm was considered as a plaque, whereas earlier studies used other definitions. In addition, the studies have included either older4, 21 or younger patients,3, 5, 23 men only,21 or examination of only 1 artery 5…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Carotid Plaque in a 63‐ to 65‐Year‐Old Norwegian Cohort From the General Population: The ACE (Akershus Cardiac Examination) 1950 Study

Ihle‐Hansen

Vigen

Rønning

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundNew data on extracranial carotid atherosclerosis are needed, as improved ultrasound techniques may detect more atherosclerosis, the definition of plaque has changed over the years, and better cardiovascular risk control in the population may have changed patterns of carotid arterial wall disease and actual prevalence of established cardiovascular disease. We investigated the prevalence of atherosclerotic carotid plaques and carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors in a middle‐aged cohort from the general population.Methods and ResultsWe performed carotid ultrasound in 3683 participants who were born in 1950 and included in a population‐based Norwegian study. Carotid plaque and cIMT were assessed according to the Mannheim Carotid Intima–Media Thickness and Plaque Consensus, and a carotid plaque score was used to calculate atherosclerotic burden. The participants were aged 63 to 65 years, and 49% were women. The prevalence of established cardiovascular disease was low (10%), but 62% had hypertension, 53% had hypercholesterolemia, 11% had diabetes mellitus, and 23% were obese. Mean cIMT was 0.73±0.11 mm, and atherosclerotic carotid plaques were present in 87% of the participants (median plaque score: 2; interquartile range: 3). Most of the cardiovascular risk factors, with the exception of diabetes mellitus, obesity and waist–hip ratio, were independently associated with the plaque score. In contrast, only sex, hypertension, obesity, current smoking, and cerebrovascular disease were associated with cIMT.ConclusionsWe found very high prevalence of carotid plaque in this middle‐aged population, and our data support a greater association between cardiovascular risk factors and plaque burden, compared with cIMT.Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01555411.

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Ultrasonographic manifestations of common carotid atherosclerosis in elderly eastern Finnish men. Prevalence and associations with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors.

Cited by 68 publications

References 32 publications

Normative values of carotid artery intima-media thickness in healthy Korean adults and estimation of macrovascular diseases relative risk using this data in type 2 diabetes patients

Normative values of carotid artery intima-media thickness in healthy Korean adults and estimation of macrovascular diseases relative risk using this data in type 2 diabetes patients

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plaque Characteristics as a Risk Factor for Stroke in Japanese Elderly Men

Prevalence of Carotid Plaque in a 63‐ to 65‐Year‐Old Norwegian Cohort From the General Population: The ACE (Akershus Cardiac Examination) 1950 Study

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