Ultrasonic Indexed Modulation and Multiple Access for Intra-Body Networks

Wang, Qianqian; Guan, Quansheng; Cheng, Julian; Ma, Biyun

doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.3028882

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It is worth noting that the multipath effect in the human body may cause the energy leak in one chip to adjacent chips or frames, i.e., inter-chip interference (ICI) or inter-frame interference (IFI). By properly setting the pulse duration and the chip duration, we can effectively mitigate the multipath effect, thereby avoiding ICI and IFI [16], [18]. For simplicity, it is assumed that the ICI and IFI have been eliminated.…”

Section: B Signal and Channel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these techniques rely on sending continuous ultrasonic waves, which result in power-hungry devices and may even cause heat trauma for the human body [7]. Since clinical treatment and diagnosis have adopted ultrasonic pulses for many years [5], [13], ultrasonic wideband (UsWB) systems including time-hopping UsWB (TH-UsWB) [14], [15] and direct-sequence UsWB (DS-UsWB) [16], and ultrasonic index modulation (UsIM) [17], [18] all use low duty-cycle short pulses to overcome the multipath effect and to alleviate the impact of thermal and mechanical effects. All of the above research has focused on modulation schemes for the transmitter in IBCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Splitting-Detection Joint-Decision Receiver for Ultrasonic Intra-Body Communications

Wang

Guan

Cheng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Ultrasonic intra-body communication (IBC) is a promising enabling technology for future healthcare applications, due to low attenuation and medical safety of ultrasonic waves for the human body. A splitting receiver, referred to as the splitting-detection separate-decision (SDSD) receiver, is introduced for ultrasonic pulse-based IBCs, and SDSD can significantly improve bit-error rate (BER) performance over the traditional coherent-detection (CD) and energy detection (ED) receivers. To overcome the high complexity and improve the BER performance of SDSD, a splitting-detection joint-decision (SDJD) receiver is proposed. The core idea of SDJD is to split the received signal into two steams that can be separately processed by CD and ED, and then summed up as joint decision variables to achieve diversity combining. The theoretical channel capacity and BER of the SDSD and SDJD are derived for M -ary pulse position modulation (M -PPM) and PPM with spreading codes. The derivation takes into account the channel noise, intra-body channel fading, and channel estimation error. Simulation results verify the theoretical analysis and show that both SDSD and SDJD can achieve higher channel capacity and lower BER than the CD and ED receivers with perfect channel estimation, while SDJD can achieve the lowest BER with imperfect channel estimation.

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Section: B Signal and Channel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Splitting-Detection Joint-Decision Receiver for Ultrasonic Intra-Body Communications

Wang

Guan

Cheng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Motivated by the fact that medical ultrasonic applications usually adopt ultrasonic pulses [8], the ultrasonic pulse with high resolution and low duty cycle provides an effective solution to the aforementioned challenges [9]. Existing ultrasonic pulse-based IBC systems mainly focus on improving data rates, e.g., time-hopping ultrasonic wideband (TH-UsWB) [9], direct-sequence UsWB (DS-UsWB) [10], and ultrasonic index modulation (UsIM) [11]. In addition to data rate, reception reliability is also critical for medically targeted ultrasonic IBCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantages of the proposed UsIM-S-MRC system come from two aspects. First, UsIM transmits information bits by ultrasonic pulses in the active frames and the index of the active frames [11], [17], [18], and hence uses a part of transmission frames. Second, to detect the active frames, S-MRC performs a correlation operation on the template signal 1 and the received signal to achieve CD and conducts the square operation on the estimated active frames to achieve ED.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Ultrasonic Index Modulation and Splitting Detection for Intra-Body Communications

Wang,

Guan,

Tang

et al. 2023

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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The reliability of ultrasonic intra-body communication (IBC) is crucial for medical monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. Recently, ultrasonic splitting receivers that jointly use coherent detection (CD) and non-coherent energy detection (ED) obtain superior bit-error rate (BER) performance compared to a single CD or ED receiver for reliable IBCs. However, this paper demonstrates that existing splitting receivers have performance gains in terms of mutual information and BER in the case of independent channel noises for CD and ED, while no performance gains exist in the case of correlated channel noises. To this end, we propose an ultrasonic index modulation-splitting-maximum ratio combination (UsIM-S-MRC) system. UsIM activates a part of transmission frames whilst S-MRC only processes active frames and treats inactive frames as zero, reducing the average channel noise in all frames. Therefore, the joint-designed UsIM-S-MRC effectively mitigates the impact of channel noise correlation on splitting detection. The theoretical mutual information, BER, and optimal splitting ratio are also derived. Extensive simulations validate the theoretical analysis and reveal that UsIM-S-MRC can attain performance gain in both independent and correlated channel noises, providing a reliable receiver structure for future ultrasonic IBCs.

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“…The proposed UsBC system consists of a reader and a tag and conveys information bits by ultrasonic pulses. The ultrasonic pulse is adopted for its low energy consumption and high resolution to resist the multipath effect in the human body [8], [9]. The reader transmits interrogation pulses, and the passive tag harvests energy from the pulses and backscatters the pulses to transmit the tag's information bits.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Backscatter Communication for Implantable Medical Devices

Wang¹,

Guan²,

Cheng³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This paper proposes an ultrasonic backscatter communication (UsBC) system for passive implantable medical devices (IMDs) that can operate without batteries, enabling versatile revolutionary applications for future healthcare. The proposed UsBC system consists of a reader and a tag. The reader sends interrogation pulses to the tag. The tag backscatters the pulses based on the piezoelectric effect of a piezo transducer. We present several basic modulation schemes for UsBC by impedance matching of the piezo transducer. To mitigate the interference of other scatters in the human body, the tag transmits information bits by codeword mapping, and the reader performs codeword matching before energy detection in the reader. We further derive the theoretical bit-error rate (BER) expression. Monte Carlo simulations verify the theoretical analysis and show that passive UsBC can achieve low BER and low complexity, which is desirable for size-and energy-constrained IMDs.

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Ultrasonic Indexed Modulation and Multiple Access for Intra-Body Networks

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

A Splitting-Detection Joint-Decision Receiver for Ultrasonic Intra-Body Communications

A Splitting-Detection Joint-Decision Receiver for Ultrasonic Intra-Body Communications

Joint Ultrasonic Index Modulation and Splitting Detection for Intra-Body Communications

Ultrasonic Backscatter Communication for Implantable Medical Devices

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