Ultrasensitive hexavalent chromium determination at bismuth film electrode prepared with mediator

Recent Advances in Electrochemical Monitoring of Chromium

“…The fabricated sensor showed the ability of the detection of Cr(VI) with a low background noise due to the decoration of the carbon frame by bismuth electrodeposited. In another work, electroplating of bismuth onto the glassy carbon electrode with a reversibly deposited zinc mediator in the presence of DTPA has been carried out successfully by Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko and coworkers [ 43 ]. The use of zinc as a mediator enhanced considerably the intensity of the analytical signal of Cr(VI), 1 µA vs. 3.3 µA for bismuth film electrode prepared without and with zinc mediator respectively leading to the detection of an extremely low concentration of 3.01 × 10 −6 µg·L −1 .…”

“…The constructed sensor could also be used for total chromium quantification and that after the oxidation of Cr(III) by the use of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) whereas Cr(III) content was calculated by subtracting the Cr(VI) concentration from total Cr [ 78 ]. Another research group has developed a specific sensor for chromium determination at ppt level [ 43 ]. The in situ electroplated GCE by bismuth film in the presence of a zinc mediator was combined with differential pulse cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry for Cr(VI) sensing.…”

“…The determination of total chromium was accomplished after the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) during UV-mineralization. Then, Cr(III) concentration was easily calculated by the subtraction of Cr(VI) from total chromium [ 43 ]. Wan Wang et al [ 144 ] reported a disposable plastic electrode fabricated through the sputtering of a thin layer of gold on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate substrate.…”

Rapid determination of hexavalent chromium in textiles by a novel ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate derivatization combined with UHPLC–MS/MS

“…Chromium is one of the most widespread elements in the earth's crust. The predominant forms of Cr in the environment are trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) . Although trivalent chromium is a trace element essential for the maintenance of glucose tolerance in human organism, Cr(VI) is highly toxic and carcinogenic .…”

Design and Development of a Renewable Galinstan Silver Based Film Electrode for Stripping Voltammetry

“…15 These desirable proprieties are used in a unique and relatively novel type of the renewable mercury film silver based electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) constructed by Baś and Kowalski, [16][17][18] which have been widely used in numerous electroanalytical applications. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Further research in the field of mercury-free film electrodes have led to invention of the bismuth, [30][31][32] lead, 33,34 antimony [35][36][37] and tin [38][39][40] film electrodes, using metals much less toxic than mercury. Despite many advantages of these solutions, the metallic film plating procedure is much more complicated and time-consuming than in case of the mercury and amalgam film electrodes, which are unique examples of the electrodes which can be deposited mechanically.…”