Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen with a Label‐Free Immunosensor Using Gold Nanoparticle‐Decorated Poly(pyrrole‐co‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)

Abstract

In this study, an electrochemical immunosensor was developed using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), and pyrrole (Py) to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) sensitively. Firstly, the electrocopolymerization of PPy and EDOT was carried out on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) by the chronoamperometry method (p(Py-co-EDOT)/PGE). Then, gold nanoparticles were electrochemically deposited on the prepared p(Py-co-EDOT)/PGEs by the chronoamperometry method. The characterizations of the developed label-free immunosensor (AuNPs/p(Py-co-EDOT)/PGE) were carried out using CV, EIS, XPS, SEM, EDX, and FTIR methods. Antibody concentration, antibody immobilization time, and immunocomplex time were optimized using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). After optimal conditions are determined, the DPV peak current of the immunosensor decreases linearly with increasing CEA concentration of 0.001-100 ng mL À 1 . The detection limit was calculated as 0.741 pg mL À 1 from the calibration graph (S/ N = 3). The developed sensor showed excellent anti-interference ability against ascorbic acid, bovine serum albumin, dopamine, and glucose. The applicability of the developed sensor to real samples was investigated, and good recovery values were obtained. As a result, the AuNPs/p(Py-EDOT)/PGE provides lowcost, selective, and rapid detection of CEA. Our findings suggest the present immunosensor is a good candidate for application in clinical screening.

Development of Lab-made Flexible Screen-printed Electrode based on S-Graphene Enriched with AuNPs and CuO for Electrochemical Detection of Tyrosine

“…S2c), it was found that the pair peak at 84.4 and 91 eV correspond to Au 4f7/2 and Au 4f5/2 , respectively, indicating the presence of elemental gold (Au 0 ). 48,49 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify functional groups on the surface of the developed CuO/S-G/AuNPs/ SPE. Upon examination of the spectrum presented in Fig.…”

Disposable and ultrasensitive label-free gold nanoparticle patterned poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-co-3-methylthiophene) electrode for electrochemical immunosensing of prostate-specific antigen

“…Moreover, the strong adsorption bands at 1989, 2069, and 2118 cm À1 in the spectrum belong to (-C-H-) stretching. 28 The FTIR spectra of p(EDOT-co-3MT)/PGE and AuNPs/p(EDOT-co-3MT)/PGE exhibit characteristic bands at 1463 cm À1 and 1369 cm À1 , respectively, which can be attributed to the CQC and C-C stretching vibrations of the thiophene ring. 29 Additionally, the spectra show characteristic peaks at 994 cm À1 and 864 cm À1 , which correspond to the C-S stretching mode.…”

“…The XPS technique is widely used to determine electrode features, specifically valence, by revealing the binding energies of component atoms and ions. 28 Fig. 2a-c display the XPS survey, S2p sub-binding, and Au4f core-level spectra, respectively.…”

Heteroatom-doped graphene oxide-based conductive ink: synthesis, characterization and investigation of the conductivity properties for flexible sensor technology

“…In addition, when the images are analyzed carefully, it is possible to see the edges of the layers of GO. 34 In addition, as the amount of graphene oxide increases and accumulates, the brightness also increases. The hydroxyl part of the carboxylic acid in the graphene oxide structure and the oxygen of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the polyester/cotton blended fabric form a regular sequential bond with the hydrogen bond.…”