Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole via Metalloporphyrin Covalent Organic Frameworks Possessing Variable Catalytic Active Sites

Abstract

Three novel two-dimensional metalloporphyrin COFs (MPor−COF−366, M = Fe, Mn, Cu) were fabricated by changing the metal atoms in the center of the porphyrin framework. The physicochemical characteristics of MPor−COF−366 (M = Fe, Mn, Cu) composites were fully analyzed by diverse electron microscopy and spectroscopy. Under optimal conditions, experiments on determining butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) at FePor−COF−366/GCE were conducted using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). It is noted that the FePor−COF−366/GCE sensor showed excellent electrocatalytic performance in the electrochemical detection of BHA, compared with MnPor−COF−366/GCE and CuPor−COF−366/GCE. A linear relationship was obtained for 0.04–1000 μM concentration of BHA, with a low detection limit of 0.015 μM. Additionally, the designed sensor was successfully employed to detect BHA in practical samples, expanding the development of COF-based composites in electrochemical applications.

Enhanced Electrochemical Sensing of Butylated Hydroxy Anisole through Hollow Metal–Organic Frameworks with Gold Nanoparticles and Enzymes

“…Simultaneously, the electrocatalytic performance comparison of this sensor with other electrochemical materials is displayed in Table . Obviously, the HRP@HZIF-Au/GCE has the excellent linear range and acceptable detection limit (only slightly higher than in ref ). Notably, the unique spatial structure features of COF allowed FePor-COF-366 to obtain a lower detection limit (0.015 μmol L –1 ).…”

Recent Progress of Covalent Organic Frameworks Applied in Electrochemical Sensors

“…The MPor-COF-366/GCE was employed to determine butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) by using the DPV method. The results showed that FePor-COF-366/GCE possessed a wide linear response range of 0.04–1000 μM with a low detection limit of 0.015 μM for BHA determination . In addition to the above, the electrochemical sensor based on COFs also exhibits high performance for detecting other substances, such as superoxide radical, tyrosinamide, zearalenone, amyloid-β-oligomer, and so on.…”

“…The results showed that FePor-COF-366/GCE possessed a wide linear response range of 0.04−1000 μM with a low detection limit of 0.015 μM for BHA determination. 166 In addition to the above, the electrochemical sensor based on COFs also exhibits high performance for detecting other substances, such as superoxide radical, 167 tyrosinamide, 168 zearalenone, 169 amyloid-β-oligomer, 170 and so on. The reported detection performance of COFs-based electrochemical sensors is displayed in Table 1.…”

Versatile Metalloporphyrin‐Based Electrochemical Sensing Applications: From Small Gasotransmitters to Macromolecules

“…In this section we will discuss some of the sensors used for the detection of amino acids (L-Tryptophan, L-Tyrosine, L-Cysteine, L-Histidine), [132,133] volatile organic compounds (VOCs), [134][135][136][137][138] herbicides (dimethoate, methyl parathion, glyphosate), [139,140] relevant organic acids (nicotinic, pipecolic, uric, folic, sorbic and ascorbic acid), [141][142][143][144][145][146][147] polyphenols, [148][149][150][151] pharmaceutical compounds (sildenafil citrate, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, isoniazid, chloramphenicol, ibuprofen, trimethoprim, diclofenac, acetaminophen), [151][152][153][154] and hormones and neurotransmitters (cortisol, 17β-estradiol, levodopa, carbidopa, dopamine). [145,147,[155][156][157][158] The detection methods for amino acids and pharmaceutical compounds have been described in detail in the reviews of Cruz-Navarro et al [19] and Gonçalves et al [159] For a more detailed description of all compounds see Table S1.…”