“…Because of its importance, various instrumental methods are available for detecting caffeic acid including ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies, chromatography, and electrophoresis. − The presence of the catechol moiety within caffeic acid makes it electrochemically active, capable of undergoing a two electron, two proton reduction into caffeic acid o-quinone as shown in Scheme . Indeed, there have been several publications in recent years demonstrating cyclic, square wave, and differential pulse voltammetric approaches capable of measuring caffeic acid, with a focus on chemically modified and nanodecorated macroelectrodes. ,− Several recent works have also published comparisons of analytical figures of merit across these various approaches, highlighting nM detection limits or lower available for caffeic acid detection. ,,,− …”