Ueber einige Derivate des Glykocolls

Fischer, Emil; Fourneau, Ernest

doi:10.1002/cber.190103402249

Cited by 177 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Peptide bond formation was reported as early as 1881 by Curtius. 109 Since the publication of glycylglycine by Emil Fischer in 1901, 110 peptide science has made amazing progress and it is now possible to synthesize rather long proteins. It may be seen from the previous description that a plethora of reagents and mechanisms is available for the formation of peptide bonds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of amide bond formation

Joullié¹,

Lassen²

2010

Arkivoc

155

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This paper is dedicated to Drs Bruce E. Maryanoff and Cynthia A. Maryanoff for their outstanding contribution to organic chemistry as industrial chemists AbstractThe presence of carboxamide groups is found in a large array of biologically important compounds. Peptides and proteins play an important role in modern biology. A key step in peptide production is the formation of the peptide bond, which involves amide bond formation. Chemical synthesis of large peptides by intermolecular coupling of smaller peptides using conventional peptide bond-forming techniques did not realize its potential advantages until recently. Using an approach based on highly specific and efficient chemical ligation of two peptide segments, the two subunits were ligated to form a new peptide bond. Native chemical ligation extended the concept by creating a native peptide bond and providing new approaches to protein engineering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of amide bond formation

Joullié¹,

Lassen²

2010

Arkivoc

155

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“…We then could show for the first time that a three-component system could be prepared that was enzymatically active (62). Thus, RNase (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) plus RNase(21-118) plus RNase(111-124), each containing one of the known catalytic residues of ribonuclease, were mixed noncovalently and found to generate the specific well-ordered structure necessary for substrate binding and catalytic activity.…”

Section: Structure-function Studies On Ribonucleasementioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Phase Synthesis

Merrifield

1986

Science

888

468

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T HE PROTEINS, AS THE GEEK RooToF THEiO NAME implies, are offirst rank in living system, and their smalle relatives, the peptides, have now also been discovered to have importnt roles in biology. Among their m s are many of the hormones, rekasing facrs, growth factors, ion carriers, antibiotics, toxins, and neuropcptides. My purpose tday is to describe the chemical synthesis of peptides and pins dto discuss the useofthe synthcetic approach to answer various biolo l questions. The stry begins with Emil Fisdwr (1) at the tur ofthis century when he synthesized the first peptide and coined the name. The general chemical requirements were to block the arboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the second amino acid.Then, by activatin of the free carboxyl group the peptie bond could be formed, and sclectivc removal ofthe two protecting groups would Icad to the free dipeptide. Fischer himself was never able to find a suitable reversible b ing group for the amine funcion, but his sudent Max Bergmann, t with Leonidas Zervas, was successfl (2). Their design ofthe carbobenzoxy group ushered in a new era. When I began working on the sis of peptides many years later, this same general scheme was universally in use and was very cffective, having led, for example, to the first synthesis of a peptide hormonc by du Vigneaud in 1953 (3). It soon became dar to me, howcevr, that such synteses were difficuk and time consuming, and that a new approach was needed if lar numbes of peptides were required or iflarger and more complex pkptdes were to be made. Synthesis on a Solid MatrixOne day I had an idea about how the goal of a morc efficent synthesis might be achieved. Thc plan (4) was to assemble a pcptidc chain in a stepwise manner while it was a A atone end to a solid support. With the growing chain covaently anchored to an insolublc matrix at all stages of the synthsis, the peptidc would also bc compktely insoluble and, fiurhermore, would be in a suitable physical form to permit rapid filtration and washing after completion of each ofthe synetic reactions. be in it pepds in the synthesis would thus be purified by a vcry simple, rapid prcedure rather than by the usual tedious ystizai me s. When a mutistep process, such as the p on of a long polyeptide or protein, is contemplated the saving in time, effort, and materials could be very large. Thc fact that all of the stps jt described are hetcrogeneous reactions between a solubk reagent in the liquid phase and the growing peptid chain in the insoluble solid phase led to the introduction of the name "solid phase peptid synthesis."The general scheme for solid phase synthesis is oudined in Fig. 1. It begins with an insolublc particle (large crcles), which is functioalized with a group, X. The first monomer unit (sml crcles) is blockd at one end and at the reactve side-chain groups (black dots) and anchored to the support by a stable covalent bond. The a prtcting group is then renoved and the second monomer unit is added to the first by a suitable reaction. In a similar way th...

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“…The first peptides were described by Emil Fischer and Hofmeister in the early 19th century. The first peptide synthesis was published in 1901 by Fischer and Fourneauin [3]. Fischer described the first peptide as a glycyl-glycine and in his lectures explained more peptide structure like dipeptides, tripeptides and polypeptides [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Peptide Treatments with Effective Anti-Aging Results

2017

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Abstract:In the last two decades, many new peptides have been developed, and new knowledge on how peptides improve the skin has been uncovered. The spectrum of peptides in the field of cosmetics is continuously growing. This review summarizes some of the effective data on cosmeceutical peptides that work against intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Some peptides have been proven in their efficacy through clinical skin trials. Well-known and documented peptides like copper tripeptide are still under research to obtain more details on their effectiveness, and for the development of new treatments. Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 and Carnosine are other well-researched cosmeceuticals. Additionally, there are many more peptides that are used in cosmetics. However, study results for some are sparse, or have not been published in scientific journals. This article summarizes topical peptides with proven efficacy in controlled in vivo studies.

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Ueber einige Derivate des Glykocolls

Cited by 177 publications

References 7 publications

Evolution of amide bond formation

Evolution of amide bond formation

Solid Phase Synthesis

Topical Peptide Treatments with Effective Anti-Aging Results

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