Ubiquitous Data Accessing Method in IoT-Based Information System for Emergency Medical Services

Xu, Bin; Xu, Li Da; Cai, Hongming; Xie, Cheng; Hu, Jingyuan; Bu, Fenglin

doi:10.1109/tii.2014.2306382

Cited by 489 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…As for China, the emergency response time is 12 min in Beijing, 11 min in Shanghai, and 12 min in Guangzhou. In accordance with the requirement of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of PRC, the service radius of an emergency medical sub-station is about three to five kilometers, and is decreased to some extent in the densely populated areas [25]. In view of the high cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality rates and high growth rate in the nation as a whole, an emergency station is supposed to set very three kilometers in richer regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The equity of China’s emergency medical services from 2010–2014

Yan

Jiang

Qiu

et al. 2017

Int J Equity Health

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BackgroundWith the depth development of health care system reform in China, emergency medical services (EMS) is confronted with challenges as well as opportunities. This study aimed to analyze the equity of China’s EMS needs, utilization, and resources distribution, and put forward proposal to improve the equity.MethodThree emergency needs indicators (mortality rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, harm, and digestive system disease), two utilization indicators (emergency outpatient visits and rate of utilization) and one resource allocation indicator (number of EMS facilities) were collected after the review of the China Statistical Yearbook and the National Disease Surveillance System. Next, EMS related indicators were compared among 31 provinces from the eastern, central, and western regions of the country. Concentration Index (CI) were used to measure the equity of EMS needs and utilization among the western, central, and eastern regions. The Gini coefficient of demographic and geographic distribution of facilities represented the equity of resource allocation.ResultDuring 2010–2014, the CI of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality changed from positive to negative, which indicates that the concentrated trend transferred from richer regions to the poorer area. Injury mortality (CI: range from − 0.1241to −0.1504) and digestive disease mortality (CI: range from − 0.1921 to − 0.2279) consistently concentrated in the poorer region, and the inequity among regions became more obviously year-by-year. The utilization of EMS (CI: range from 0.1074 to 0.0824) showed an improvement; however, the inequity reduced gradually. The EMS facilities distribution by population (Gini coefficient: range from 0.0922 to 0.1200) showed high equitability but the EMS facilities distribution by geography (Gini coefficient: range from 0.0922 to 0.1200) suggested a huge gap between regions because the Gini coefficients were greater than 0.5 in the past 5 years.ConclusionThere are some inequities of needs, utilization, and resource allocation in the China EMS. The government needs to stick to the principle of increasing investment in poorer regions, perfecting ambulance configuration and improving health workers’ professional skills to improve the equity and quality of EMS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The equity of China’s emergency medical services from 2010–2014

Yan

Jiang

Qiu

et al. 2017

Int J Equity Health

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“…The AS uses a representational state transfer (REST) API on the HTTP interface [37]. This choice is motivated by the type of stateless information that is sent by the sensors, and by the ubiquity of REST in modern IoT platforms for data retrieval in post-processing tasks [38]. The main tasks accomplished with REST are:…”

Section: Api Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An IoT Architecture for Continuous Livestock Monitoring Using LoRa LPWAN

et al. 2019

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The Internet of Things (IoT) architecture is quickly becoming popular even outside of its originating scenario of home automation. This paper reports the design, implementation, and performance of an IoT hardware and software architecture conceived for the continuous monitoring of livestock located in barns and during grazing. We have adopted the LoRa low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology to cover the diverse environments, and a suitable configuration of web services to perform data storage, analysis, and visualization. Since the LoRa LPWAN (LoRaWAN) medium access control (MAC) layer does not provide a listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanism, we propose a custom MAC layer with LBT-based carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). The devised system has been implemented using off-the-shelf hardware, and its performance has also been estimated with the help of a C++ event-based simulator. The preliminary results of our HW implementation on the field confirm the stability of the conceived system and its reliability. suburban or rural environments [15], making this technology viable for both small and medium-scale applications. It has also been shown that a single LoRa gateway can manage a large number of EDs with little maintenance and easy deployment [5].LoRa is a proprietary wireless communication standard developed by Semtech, based on a chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation [16,17]. The physical layer (PHY) uses chirp waveforms with different chirp rate, to maintain orthogonality among different classes of users, and with different initial frequency, to convey the actual information message [15]. Channel coding is also used, with interleaving and Hamming block codes. Although the details of the LoRa PHY are not public, several authors have tried and succeeded to reverse-engineer, almost completely, its PHY communication techniques [18].On the other side, LoRaWAN is an open MAC protocol, built on top of the LoRa PHY, that is specifically designed for low-powered devices operating over long-range wireless links. Even though LoRaWAN is commonly used in deploying LoRa networks [19], in this work we have decided to implement a custom MAC layer in order to have more control over the architectural design and to remove some features of the LoRaWAN layer [20] that are not used in our application, such as the large header size when short payloads have to be delivered, and the packet acknowledgments managed by a LoRa server. Continuous and near-real-time monitoring of livestock, in particular of dairy cattle, can help to provide information vital to study the animal behavior and to prevent pathological states that have a negative impact on livestock health [21,22].In particular, our proposed architecture aims at analyzing, almost in real-time, the status of dairy cattle in a cowshed or during grazing by means of sensors embedded in smart collars. By the way, this approach may be extended also to other kinds of livestock, such as beef cattle, swine, ovine, and even equine.In this paper we first de...

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“…The implication is that the system is highly centralised, which is not an ideal solution for the IoT. Xu et al present an IoT-based data accessing design for emergency medical services [45]. While this model shows how to collect, integrate and interoperate IoT data flexibly in order to provide support to emergency medical services it simply abstracts access control into the business activities layer of their model.…”

Section: Capability Authorisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-Grained Access Control for Smart Healthcare Systems in the Internet of Things

Pal¹,

Hitchens²,

Varadharajan³

et al. 2018

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Industrial Networks and Intelligen

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There has been tremendous growth in the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in our daily lives. Yet with this growth has come numerous security concerns and privacy challenges for both the users and the systems. Smart devices have many uses in a healthcare system, e.g. collecting and reporting patient data and controlling the administration of treatment. In this paper, we address the specific security issue of access control for smart healthcare systems and the protection of smart things from unauthorised access in such large scale systems. Commonly used access control approaches e.g. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), AttributeBased Access Control (ABAC) and Capability-Based Access Control (CapBAC) do not, in isolation, provide a complete solution for securing access to IoT-enabled smart healthcare devices. They may, for example, require an overly-centralised solution or an unmanageably large policy base. We propose a novel access control architecture which improves policy management by reducing the required number of authentication policies in a large-scale healthcare system while providing fine-grained access control. The devised access control model employs attributes, roles and capabilities. We apply attributes for role membership assignment and in permission evaluation. Membership of roles grants capabilities. The capabilities which are issued may be parameterised based on attributes of the user and are then used to access specific services provided by things. We also provide a formal specification of the model and a description of its implementation and demonstrate its application through different use-case scenarios. The evaluation results of core functionality of our architecture are provided with the practical testbed experiments.

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Ubiquitous Data Accessing Method in IoT-Based Information System for Emergency Medical Services

Cited by 489 publications

References 44 publications

The equity of China’s emergency medical services from 2010–2014

The equity of China’s emergency medical services from 2010–2014

An IoT Architecture for Continuous Livestock Monitoring Using LoRa LPWAN

Fine-Grained Access Control for Smart Healthcare Systems in the Internet of Things

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