Ubiquinone, Idebenone, and Kinetin Provide Ineffective Photoprotection to Skin when Compared to a Topical Antioxidant Combination of Vitamins C and E with Ferulic Acid

The role of antioxidants in photoprotection: A critical review

“…Other AOxs, such as ubiquinone, idebenone, and kinetin are degraded upon UV exposure. 89,90 Third, AOxs need to penetrate the stratum corneum and maintain adequate concentrations in the epidermis and dermis. On the other hand, it is desirable to keep UV filters on the skin surface and not penetrate the skin.…”

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“…It was reported that the in-vitro and an in-vivo antioxidant property of ferulic acid probably arises from its ability to protect against the molecular effects of lipid peroxidation, free radicals, and ROS, and it also delays the progress of many chronic diseases 18,[21][22][23] .…”

“…Ferulic acid also has a hepatoprotective effect against toxicity induced in vivo by carbon tetrachloride 20 . It is also recognized that ferulic acid exhibits a variety of physiological functions such as suppression of Alzheimer's disease 21 , prevention of muscular fatigue 22 , improvement in hypertension 23 , and antitumor activity of breast, liver, and colon 24 -26 . The aims of the present study were to assay the preventive and therapeutic potential of ferulic acid on rat hepatic cholestasis induced by EE and to elicit the role of antioxidant effect.…”

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“…Antioxidants: Antioxidants either synthetic or natural can be effective in preventing free radical formation by scavenging them or promoting their decomposition and suppressing such disorders 54 . Currently, there is a growing interest toward natural antioxidants of herbal resources 55 .…”

“…A simple yet cost-effective oil, well tried and tested for generations in a wide variety of emulsions formulated for face and body Products 54 .…”