U.S. bans antibiotics use for enhancing growth in livestock

doi:10.1036/1097-8542.br0125171

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Antibiotics in poultry are generally administered to the entire flock and are used for the treatment of disease (therapy), disease prevention (methaphylaxis), and growth promotion (Poole and Sheffield, 2013). Antibiotic growth promoters were banned in the EU in 2006, in the US in 2017 and are currently allowed in Brazil and China (European Commission, 2005, AccessScience Editors, 2017). Antibiotic usage for disease prevention is permitted in all large poultry-producing countries.…”

Section: Use Of Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of antibiotics in broiler production and the resulting antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli: A global overview

et al. 2019

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The increase in antibiotic resistance is a global concern for human and animal health. Resistant microorganisms can spread between food-producing animals and humans. The objective of this review was to identify the type and amount of antibiotics used in poultry production and the level of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from broilers. Isolate information was obtained from national monitoring programs and research studies conducted in large poultry-producing regions: US, China, Brazil, and countries of EU—Poland, United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Spain.The survey results clearly display the absence of a harmonized approach in the monitoring of antibiotics per animal species and the evaluation of resistances using the same methodology. There is no public long-term quantitative data available targeting the amount of antibiotics used in poultry, with the exception of France. Data on antibiotic-resistant E. coli are available for most regions but detection of resistance and number of isolates in each study differs among regions; therefore, statistical evaluation was not possible. Data from France indicate that the decreased use of tetracyclines leads to a reduction in the detected resistance rates. The fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, and polymyxins (“highest priority critically important” antibiotics for human medicine according to WHO) are approved for use in large poultry-producing regions, with the exception of fluoroquinolones in the US and cephalosporins in the EU. The approval of cephalosporins in China could not be evaluated. Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and penicillins are registered for use in poultry in all evaluated countries. The average resistance rates in E. coli to representatives of these antibiotic classes are higher than 40% in all countries, with the exception of ampicillin in the US. The resistance rates to fluoroquinolones and quinolones in the US, where fluoroquinolones are not registered for use, are below 5%, while the average of resistant E. coli is above 40% in Brazil, China, and EU, where use of fluoroquinolones is legalized. However, banning of fluoroquinolones and quinolones has not totally eliminated the occurrence of resistant populations.

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Section: Use Of Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of antibiotics in broiler production and the resulting antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli: A global overview

et al. 2019

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“…For example, the European Union (EU) banned the use of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) in livestock production systems due to AMR in 2006 12 while the United States (US) implemented a sweeping ban on the use of AGPs in 2017 13 . Unfortunately, countries across Europe reported an increase in the use of antimicrobials for prophylactic purposes after the ban of AGPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global trends in antimicrobial resistance on organic and conventional farms

Ager

Carvalho

Silva

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Various stewardship policies, regulations, and voluntary bans have focused on protecting antimicrobials by limiting their use in livestock. These efforts ignited management shifts ranging from largely nominal (e.g., drugs banned for use as growth promoters were reclassified as prophylactic drugs) to organic farming, which drastically reduces or eliminates use of antimicrobials. Understanding how these farming practices influence the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in livestock carries important implications for policy makers, public health officials, and farm managers. Here, we reviewed studies spanning the last 20 years to ask if the most stringent effort to reduce antimicrobial use in livestock organic farming results in notable reductions in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance across broad scale geographic ranges, pathogens, and livestock hosts. Our results validate organic farming in reducing the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by ~31.2%,~26.9%, ~28.2%,~42.9 and ~36.2% in cattle, chicken, environment, pigs and turkey respectively while also revealing significant variation in the strength of this reduction across contexts. Given that our results join others indicating that AMR is increasing across all types of farms, our results highlight areas where organic farming has been most effective and may provide economical and scalable solutions for farmers.

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“…The widespread attention to foodborne and zoonotic diseases is due to the increasing spread of resistant or multiresistant Salmonella strains resulting from the antibiotics used in the livestock industry [8,9]. Antibiotics used as feed supplements for growth enhancement in livestock were banned by the European Union Commission, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and China in 2006, 2017, and 2020, respectively, to reduce the increasing risk of resistance development [10,11]. A potent alternative-antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are key components of the innate immune system-has drawn extensive attention because of its broad antimicrobial spectrum, low cytotoxicity, and low antimicrobial resistance brought by its unique bactericidal mechanism [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Antimicrobial Peptide OaBac5mini Alleviates Inflammation in Pullorum Disease Chicks by Modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway

Shen

Ren

et al. 2023

Animals

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Pullorum disease (PD), caused by Salmonella Pullorum (S. Pullorum), is a serious threat to the poultry industry worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have drawn extensive attention as new-generation antibiotics because of their broad antimicrobial spectrum, low resistance, and low cytotoxicity. AMP OaBac5mini exhibits strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, but its efficacy and anti-inflammatory effects on chicks with PD remain unclear. The aim of this study was to generate recombinant OaBac5mini via the Escherichia coli (E. coli) recombinant expression system and evaluate its antibacterial effect against S. Pullorum in vitro and in vivo. Real-time cellular analysis (RTCA) results showed that recombinant OaBac5mini exhibited no cytotoxicity on IPEC-J2 and RAW 264.7 cells and significantly alleviated the drop in the cell index of S. Pullorum-infected cells (p < 0.0001). In the chick model of PD, recombinant OaBac5mini significantly attenuated the increase in organ indexes (heart, liver, spleen, and kidney) and bacterial loads (liver and spleen) induced by S. Pullorum. Histopathology examination showed that recombinant OaBac5mini ameliorated histopathological changes and inflammation in chicks with PD, including impaired epithelium of duodenal villi, infiltration of pseudoacidophilic granulocytes in the cecum and bursa of Fabricius, congested blood clots and increased macrophages in the liver, and increased lymphoid nodule and B lymphocytes in the spleen. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results indicated that recombinant OaBac5mini alleviated inflammation by modulating innate immunity through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and by suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggested that recombinant OaBac5mini has good potential as a clinical substitute for antibiotics in PD intervention.

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U.S. bans antibiotics use for enhancing growth in livestock

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

The application of antibiotics in broiler production and the resulting antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli: A global overview

The application of antibiotics in broiler production and the resulting antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli: A global overview

Global trends in antimicrobial resistance on organic and conventional farms

Recombinant Antimicrobial Peptide OaBac5mini Alleviates Inflammation in Pullorum Disease Chicks by Modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway

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