Tyrosine hydroxylase- and nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerve fibers in mitral valve of young adult and aged Fischer 344 rats

Jew, Jean Y.; Fink, Cynthia A.; Williams, Terence H.

doi:10.1016/0165-1838(95)00106-9

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Furthermore, genetic ablation of the TRPV1 elicits compensatory changes related to enhancement of non-TRPV1-dependent SP release and NK1 receptor function to protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our data may have important clinical implications given that sensory nerve function is impaired under certain pathophysiological conditions such as diabetic and aging hearts 39,40 in which the cardioprotective mechanisms against ischemia injury are impaired. 41,42 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRPV1 Gene Knockout Impairs Postischemic Recovery in Isolated Perfused Heart in Mice

2005

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Background-Although pharmacological studies suggest that the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels expressed in sensory nerve fibers innervating the heart may exert a cardioprotective effect, definitive evidence supporting such a notion is lacking. In addition, function and regulation of sensory neuropeptides, namely, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), in the face of challenges induced by cardiac injury in the presence or absence of the TRPV1 are largely unknown. Methods and Results-The hearts of gene-targeted TRPV1-null mutant (TRPV1

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRPV1 Gene Knockout Impairs Postischemic Recovery in Isolated Perfused Heart in Mice

2005

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“…17) Thus, limited immunohistochemical evidence is available for nNOS in cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals. However, Hatanaka et al showed that NO released from perivascular capsaicin-sensitive nerves, presynaptically and indirectly, decreased neurogenic norepinephrine release in order to modulate adrenergic neurotransmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Perivascular Nerve Distribution in Rat Mesenteric Small Arteries

Yokomizo

Takatori

Hashikawa-Hobara

et al. 2015

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The distribution pattern of perivascular nerves in some branches of rat mesenteric arteries was studied. Mesenteric arteries isolated from 8-week-old Wistar rats were divided into the 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-order branches. The distribution of perivascular nerves in each branch was immunohistochemically evaluated using antibodies against neuropeptide Y (NPY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The density of NPY-, TH-, CGRP-, and SP-like immunoreactive (LI) nerves in the 2nd and 3rd branches was significantly greater than that in the 1st branch, and a negative relationship was found between nerve density and arterial diameter, except for TH-LI nerves. The density of NPY-and TH-LI nerves in all branches, which was similar, was greater than that of CGRP-(except for NPY-LI nerves in the 1st branch), SP-, or nNOS-LI nerves. Double immunostaining revealed that TH-LI nerves made contact with nNOS-LI, CGRP-LI, and SP-LI nerves and that CGRP-LI nerves made contact with TH-, NPY-, or nNOS-LI nerves, while TH-LI and CGRP-LI nerves nearly merged with NPY-LI and SP-LI nerves, respectively. These results suggest that the each branch of mesenteric arteries is densely innervated by vasoconstrictor nerves containing NPY, TH, and vasodilator CGRP nerves.They also suggest that the intense density of perivascular nerves in the 2nd and 3rd branches may contribute to maintaining vascular tone.Key words adrenergic nerve; nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerve; nerve distribution; rat mesenteric small artery Rat mesenteric arteries are innervated by perivascular nerves that play an important role in the maintenance of vascular tone and regulation of organ and tissue blood flow. With few exceptions, postganglionic adrenergic nerves constitute the most significant efferent neural pathway to blood vessels. The degree of microcirculation control exerted by adrenergic nerves depends, in part, on the distribution pattern of these nerves to the various segments comprising the microvascular network. The functional significance of microcirculation control via adrenergic nerves may vary among different organs and between different segments of the microvascular network in any given tissue. Resistance vessels, such as the mesenteric arteries, are known to be innervated by many perivascular nerves, such as sympathetic adrenergic nerves, and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) nerves including CGRPergic nerves 1) and nitric oxide (NO) nerves. 2) Our previous studies also revealed the elimination of CGRPergic nerve function augmented adrenergic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction, and, conversely, adrenergic nerves via presynaptic norepinephrine release inhibited the neurogenic release of calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) from the nerve, thereby decreasing CGRPergic nerve function.3) We also previously demonstrated adrenergic and NO nerves innervating rat mesenteric arteries were involved in the modulation of adrenergic neurotransmission.2) These findings of neuro...

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“…Our working hypothesis is that mechanoreceptors in the leaflet may monitor leaflet stretch and that leaflet sensory (afferent) nerves transmit this information for local reflex and/or central processing. Anterior leaflets are known to be richly innervated with sensory and motor nerves (1,19,20,36,(43)(44)(45) [adrenergic and cholinergic (6, 8 -10)], with unmyelinated axons (18) and thick myelinated fibers (8,18,29,(43)(44)(45) (which may serve as mechanoreceptors) coursing through the atrial subendocardial plexus. Leaflet contractile elements could thus be appropriately activated via motor nerves to maintain constant anterior MV leaflet shape and position immediately before and during valve closure over the wide range of LV operating pressures and volumes.…”

Section: Ivc (A) Ivr (B) Ivc (C) Ivr (D) Ivc (E) Ivr (F) Ivc (G) Ivr (H)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active stiffening of mitral valve leaflets in the beating heart

Itoh

Krishnamurthy²,

Swanson³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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The anterior leaflet of the mitral valve (MV), viewed traditionally as a passive membrane, is shown to be a highly active structure in the beating heart. Two types of leaflet contractile activity are demonstrated: 1) a brief twitch at the beginning of each beat (reflecting contraction of myocytes in the leaflet in communication with and excited by left atrial muscle) that is relaxed by midsystole and whose contractile activity is eliminated with β-receptor blockade and 2) sustained tone during isovolumic relaxation, insensitive to β-blockade, but doubled by stimulation of the neurally rich region of aortic-mitral continuity. These findings raise the possibility that these leaflets are neurally controlled tissues, with potentially adaptive capabilities to meet the changing physiological demands on the heart. They also provide a basis for a permanent paradigm shift from one viewing the leaflets as passive flaps to one viewing them as active tissues whose complex function and dysfunction must be taken into account when considering not only therapeutic approaches to MV disease, but even the definitions of MV disease itself.

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Tyrosine hydroxylase- and nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerve fibers in mitral valve of young adult and aged Fischer 344 rats

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

TRPV1 Gene Knockout Impairs Postischemic Recovery in Isolated Perfused Heart in Mice

TRPV1 Gene Knockout Impairs Postischemic Recovery in Isolated Perfused Heart in Mice

Characterization of Perivascular Nerve Distribution in Rat Mesenteric Small Arteries

Active stiffening of mitral valve leaflets in the beating heart

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