"Typhoid Fever in the United States"

doi:10.1001/jama.1922.02640770058032

JAMA

1922

DOI: 10.1001/jama.1922.02640770058032

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"Typhoid Fever in the United States"

Abstract: thickness. Similar experiments, using the mercury vapor quartz lamp, gave the same result. Rats receiving direct irradiation for three minutes at a distance of 3 feet were all protected, whereas those which were treated with rays which had traversed a filter of window glass (2.6 mm. in thickness) all showed rachitic lesions of the epiphyses. These developed even when the latter group received many times the minimal

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Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

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The prevalence of typhoid fever in Bingham University

Joshua

Beverly

Lillian

2017

GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci.

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Typhoid fever remains a major cause of enteric disease and a significant public health problem. The disease is said to be very prevalent in the developing countries, of which Nigeria is one. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of typhoid fever among Bingham University students. A total of 125 blood and stool samples were collected randomly from both male and female students of Bingham University. The blood samples were tested for salmonella antigen using Widal test while stool samples were cultured on Salmonella/Shigella agar for the isolation of the causative agent. From the Widal test 80 (69.6%) samples were positive for Salmonella typhi infection, while the stool culture yielded 94 (75.2%) samples that showed the presence of Salmonella typhi. The gender distribution showed that the prevalence was higher in female students (87.30%) than the male students (62.90%). The infection was highest in the age group of 21-25 years which had 86.36% prevalence. The lowest prevalence was observed in the age group 26-30 years with 46.15%. The prevalence of typhoid fever is generally high in the University. Therefore, proper sanitary measures should be observed by the students in the university. The results also proved the superiority and reliability of stool culture technique over the Widal test in the diagnosis of Salmonella typhi infection. This study will provide the school administration adequate knowledge on the infection and serve as a guide in proffering solution to halt further spread of the disease in the institution.

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The prevalence of typhoid fever in Bingham University

Joshua

Beverly

Lillian

2017

GSC Biol. Pharm. Sci.

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Nalidixic Acid Susceptibility Test for Screening Salmonella Isolates of Reduced Susceptibility/Higher Minimum Inhibitory Concentration to Ciprofloxacin

Agrawal

Tuladhar

Dahal

2015

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology

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Enteric fever is the major diagnosis among febrile patients in Nepal with yearly increase in nalidixic acid resistance and reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility among Salmonella isolates. This study was carried out to evaluate the validity of nalidixic acid resistance as an indicator of reduced susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to ciprofloxacin. In this study, 999 blood specimens collected from suspected enteric fever patients visiting B&B Hospital were processed by standard microbiological techniques. Isolates were identified by biochemical tests and serotyping. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and CLSI recommended interpretive criteria. MIC of ciprofloxacin was determined by agar dilution method. Isolation rate of Salmonella species was 6.21%. Among 62 Salmonella isolates, 51 were S. typhi, 10 were S. paratyphi A and one isolate was S. paratyphi B. Only one isolate of S. typhi was multi-drug resistant. Resistance to ceftriaxone, cefixime and azithromycin was nil. On disc diffusion test, 55 isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid. Fifty-seven isolates were found to have increased (>0.125mg/ml) MIC of ciprofloxacin with the clinical and laboratory standards institute breakpoints. Nalidixic acid resistance showed a predictive value of 100% for ciprofloxacin resistance. Screening with nalidixic acid disc had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 71.43% for the determination of decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Before using ciprofloxacin for the treatment of enteric fever, appropriate identification of Salmonella isolates with reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility is essential to limit the possible treatment failure and further development of highly resistant strains.

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"Typhoid Fever in the United States"

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

The prevalence of typhoid fever in Bingham University

The prevalence of typhoid fever in Bingham University

Nalidixic Acid Susceptibility Test for Screening Salmonella Isolates of Reduced Susceptibility/Higher Minimum Inhibitory Concentration to Ciprofloxacin

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