Types of media violence and degree of acceptance in under‐18s

Abstract

It is an established fact that almost every TV channel offers a high level of violent content. The object of this study is to check the degree of acceptance of this media violence in under-18s. We will also check what cognitive and emotional effects the viewing of different types of violence has. A sample of 203 subjects aged 13 years from Madrid, Spain, viewed a clip from different films. Before and after the film, data were collected about their opinion on violence. Three viewing conditions were established according to the degree and type of violence shown and based on Berkowitz [(1996): Descle´e De Brouwer]: action without violence, socially justified violence, and socially unjustified violence. Several ANOVAs were carried out revealing that violence is better valued and more attractive after watching the film sequences than before the showing. Aggr. Behav. 29:381-392,

Media representations of youth violence in Bulgaria

“…73% of American teenagers believed that TV and movies were partly to blame for juvenile crime; 75% believed that Internet was partly responsible for crimes; 66% -that music was partly responsible for crimes; 56% blamed video game violence for crimes ("Violence and the media", 1999). For youth under-18s, violence is more attractive after watching films with violence (Vidal, Clemente & Espinosa, 2003). Greater number of hours spent watching TV contact sports and violent movies is associated with more favourable attitudes towards military service among men and with more favourable attitudes toward interpersonal violence among women (Brady, 2007).…”

Structure of cartoons, narrative skills and perception of values/countervalues in primary school / Estructura de los dibujos animados, habilidades narrativas y percepción de valores/contravalores en Educación Primaria

“…However, some studies also state that the violent content found in children’s programmes (Krcmar & Curtis, 2003; Krcmar & Valkenburg, 1999; Pérez & Urbina, 2005; Simpson, 2004; Vidal, Clemente, & Espinosa, 2003) can influence minors’ perception by seeing them as proper behaviours, given that the violence is usually either justified (as revenge or defence) or shown in a humorous light (Bringas & Rodríguez, 2004; King, 2000; Kirsh, 2006).…”

“…Sin embargo, algunas investigaciones también señalan que los contenidos violentos presentes en la programación infantil (Krcmar & Curtis, 2003; Krcmar & Valkenburg, 1999; Pérez & Urbina, 2005; Simpson, 2004; Vidal, Clemente, & Espinosa, 2003) pueden incidir en que se perciban por menores como conductas correctas puesto que la violencia suele aparecer justificada (bien como venganza o bien como defensa) o en clave de humor (Bringas & Rodríguez, 2004; King, 2000; Kirsh, 2006).…”

Violencia televisiva: análisis de la figura abusiva como manifestación social en una reconocida serie de dibujos animados

“…Son extensos los estudios que recogen la forma en la cual se presenta la violencia en los dibujos animados y su influencia en los infantes (Clemente & Vidal, 1995;Medina Galera et al, 1996;Valkenburg et al, 1999;Vidal et al, 2003;Espinar, 2007;Manzo Chávez & Reyes Virrueta, 2012;Zúñiga Carrasco, 2012Arredondo Trapero et al, 2016) o enfocan su atención en series animadas norteamericanas (Ogletree et al, 2001;Calvert et al, 2003;Ryan, 2010;Hentges & Case, 2013;Gottfried et al, 2013;Hall & Suurtamm, 2020), series animadas japonesas (Napier, 2010;Piatti-Farnell, 2014;Aljanahi, 2018;Vázquez Miraz, 2018;Quintairos Soliño, 2019) y ambos proyectos (Chandler-Olcott & Mahar, 2003;Núñez Domínguez, 2008;Amorós Pons & Comesaña Comesaña, 2012;Ahmed & Wahab, 2014;Daliot-Bul & Otmazgin, 2020). El interés en los productos citados con anterioridad se debe al poder y dominio con el cual estos dibujos dominan el mercado del entretenimiento (Abd-Rahim et al, 2013) y a la expansión en las TIC referenciado en epígrafes anteriores.…”